[转载]语法填空考点核心突破（二）——情态动词与虚拟语气非谓语独立主格
语法填空考点核心突破（二）
——情态动词与虚拟语气非谓语独立主格
六　核心考点
情态动词与虚拟语气——使表达得体、含蓄
七、核心考点非谓语动词——在高中英语中地位重要
八、核心考点 非谓语动词的特殊结构——独立主格结构与with复合结构
定语从句 名词性从句
九、核心考点　状语从句——使表达丰富多彩
十、核心考点　定语从句——使先行词更准确
十一、核心考点　名词性从句——使语境更丰富多彩&
第六集　核心考点
情态动词与虚拟语气
&&&&&&&&——使表达得体、含蓄
&【考向聚焦】
情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。而虚拟语气的试题偏少，有些省份已将虚拟语气列为不考的项目。&对应学生用书P22
1、用适当的情态动词或虚拟语气填空
1．(2013&北京，35)—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to
—Well，I don't know. It________do.
解析　考查情态动词。第一个人说不会下雨，第二个人回答I don't
know，因此可知，到底下不下雨是不能肯定的事情，故使用might表推测“有可能”。
答案　might
2．(2013&辽宁，31)
Harry is feeling much too uncomfortable. He ________(drink) too
much at the party last night.
解析　考查情态动词。此处考查情态动词对过去发生事情的推测。句意：Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用must
have done。
答案　must have drunk
3．(2013&四川，5)
— Why are your eyes so red？&&
You________have slept well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.
解析　考查情态动词。根据语境“眼睛那么红，昨晚不可能睡得很好”可知，此处考查情态动词can的否定式can't表推测，意为“不可能”。can't
have done表示对过去的推测，意为“过去不可能……”。
答案　can't
4．(2013&天津，9)No one________ be more generous；he has a heart of
解析　考查情态动词。句意：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗善良的心。can't/couldn't表不可能。
答案　could
5．(2013&新课标Ⅰ，29)The door________open，no matter how hard she
解析　考查情态动词。此处描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”，其固有的特性，用情态动词would(will)描述。
答案　wouldn't
6．(2013&北京，34)If we________(book)a table earlier，we couldn't be
standing here in a queue.
解析　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。
答案　had booked
7．(2013&福建，30)—Do you think George has passed the driving
—No.If so，he ________(drive)his car to our college yesterday.
解析　考查虚拟语气。句意，如果这样的话(乔治已经通过驾照考试)，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so＝If he
had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词＋ have done。
答案　would have driven
8．(2013&陕西，12)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change
this weekend.
解析　考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。
答案　should
9．(2013&浙江，8)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam
________(be)at the age of six months old.
解析　考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用(should＋)动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should。
10．(2013&安徽，28)I________(go)to my cousin's birthday party last
night，but I was not available.
解析　考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。表示对过去虚拟用情态动词过去式后加have
done表示。
答案　would have gone
2、情态动词的基本用法（表能力）
【典例1】 I'm going to Europe on vacation
together with John if I ________ find the money.(2012&全国Ⅱ)
解析　句意：如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本题考查情态动词表能力。
【典例2】 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but
everyone________get out.(全国)
解析　was able
to表示经过努力能够做到，强调成功。句意：大火很快蔓延了整个宾馆，但是大家都成功地离开了。根据语境可知，强调成功地逃出。
答案　was able to
1．She was very brave.Even though she'd hurt her leg，she________go
back alone.
解析　句意：她很勇敢，尽管她腿受了伤，她仍然设法独自回家。was able to＝managed to表示设法成功做某事。
答案　was able to
2．We________finish it ahead of time，though it was such a tough
解析　句意：尽管这是一项艰巨的任务，我们还是提前完成了。be able to表示经过一番努力做成某事。
答案　were able to
3、表示“能力”的情态动词有：can，could，be able
(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano.She has been able to play it since she was
five.玛丽会弹钢琴，她5岁起就会弹了。
(2)表示过去能力时，was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succeed
in doing，而could没有这个含义。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
&&&&&&&&&&情态动词的基本用法（表必要、义务、责任）
【典例3】 I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock
each morning the train comes by my house.(2012&新课标全国)
解析　句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。
答案　needn't
【典例4】 —I don't care what people think.
—Well，you________．
解析　句意：——我不介意别人怎么想。——噢，你应该那么做。根据语境可知，应选should，意为“应该”，表示一种建议，劝说。
答案　should
3．Parents________send their children to school when they reach six
years old.
解析　句意：当孩子满六岁时，家长应当送孩子去上学。根据语境可知，应填ought
to，表示有责任，从法律或道义上“应该”做。
答案　ought to
4．—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You________do anything except to be with them and be
解析　句意：——为了我们年迈的父母，你认为我们可以做些什么事呢？——你不必做任何事情，只要能真情地陪伴他们。don't have
to＝needn't表示“不必”，符合语境。
答案　don't have to或needn't
表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有：must，should，ought to，have to
(1)ought to与should意思大体相同，但ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。
You are his father and ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲，应当照顾他。(有责任，从道义上应该)
Young people should show respect to the old.
年轻人应该尊重老年人。
(2)have to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have
to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。
I told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。
I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00
p．m.today.我必须今天下午5点前交学期论文。
4、情态动词的基本用法（表请求、允许、命令、禁止）
【典例5】 The new law states that people ________ drive after
drinking alcohol.(2012&上海)
解析　句意：新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。
答案　mustn't
【典例6】 One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school
uniform while at school.(2012&辽宁)
解析　句意：我们的规章制度之一就是在校时每个学生都应该穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示法律规定时，意为“应该”。
答案　shall
【典例7】 —Will you read me a story，Mummy?
—OK.You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as
possible.(2011&陕西)
解析　句意：——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？——好，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。shall在此处表示“允诺”。
答案　shall
5．You ________ park here！It's an emergency exit.
解析　句意：你不可以在此停车！这是紧急出口。mustn't表示“禁止”。
答案　mustn't
6．—________ I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not.
解析　句意：——我可以把书带出去吗？——恐怕不能。请求对方允许时常使用can或may。
答案　May或Can
7．I can't leave.She told me that I ________ stay here until she
comes back.
解析　句意：我不能离开。她告诉我在她回来之前我必须待在这里。
答案　must
5、情态动词“偏义”大本营
(1)表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时，只能用was/were able to，不用could。
(2)must有一种含义，即“偏要”。
(3)shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
(4)will可以表示意愿。will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。
(5)should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。
6、情态动词表推测的用法（肯定推测）
【典例8】 —Good morning.I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the
Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning.You ________ be Mrs.Peters.(2010&北京)
解析　第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，“那您一定就是Mrs.Peters了”，因此用must。
答案　must
【典例9】 What do you mean，there are only ten tickets?
There ________ be twelve.
解析　你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张。should表示“应该，应当”。
答案　should
【典例10】 Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily
shy；they ________ just be quiet people.
解析　言语不多的人未必就腼腆，他们可能只是好静而已。may或许。
8．“You ________ have a wrong number，”she said.“There's no one of
that name here.”
解析　考查情态动词。从“There's no one of that name
here.”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示“肯定的推测”，故用must。
答案　must
9．Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a
nice person in general.
解析　根据句意中的at times可知，Peter有时真的很难相处。can表示推测，意为“可能会”。
10．—Where will you start your work after graduation?
—Mmm，it's not been decided yet.I________continue my study for a
higher degree.
解析　由it's not been decided
yet可知，“我”对此并不确定，因此后面的情态动词用might，表示可能性不是很大。
答案　might
1．must用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。
2．should用于肯定句中，语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测。
3．can用在肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性。如：
Smoking can cause cancer.
吸烟有可能引起癌症。
4．may用在肯定句中，表示对现在把握不大的推测，意为“也许，可能”。
5．could，might也可表示推测意义，常用在过去时态中；但在某些场合下，为了使语气更缓和、更委婉，常用could，might代替can，may。如：
They saw something in the sky last night.It could/might be a
UFO.昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。
7、情态动词表推测的用法（否定与疑问推测）
【典例11】 —I don't really like James.Why did
you invite him?
—Don't worry.He ________ come.He said he wasn't certain what his
plans were.
(2011&北京)
解析　根据he wasn't certain可知，James可能不来。
答案　might not
【典例12】 —How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so
much.(2011&浙江)
解析　考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你的新保姆怎么样？——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。couldn't不可能。
答案　couldn't
【典例13】 —________it be Tom that stole the manager's mobile
—No.As far as I know，Tom is very honest.
解析　考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can可用于否定句或疑问句中表示推测；句意：——有可能是Tom偷了经理的手机吗？——不可能。就我所知，汤姆是非常诚实的。
11．(2011&江西)It ________ be the postman at the door.It's only six
解析　根据It's only six
o'clock推知，那不可能是邮递员，否定形式推测要用can't或couldn't。因为must表推测时，只能用于肯定句。
答案　can't
12．I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while
we were away from home.
解析　can't...too...为固定结构，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
答案　can't
13．If you don't want to go swimming，you ________ as well stay at
home.Actually，it is up to you to decide.
解析　may/might as well构成习惯搭配，意为“倒不妨……”。
8、情态动词表推测的用法&（否定与疑问推测）
1）否定推测(1)表示否定的推测时，can't/couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。如：
The story sounds reasonable，but it can't be true.
这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。
(2)语气不很肯定时，常用may not或might not表否定推测，意为“可能不，也许不”。如：
He may not/might not be at home.他可能不在家。
2）疑问句中的推测
疑问句中的推测，常用can或could，意为“可能”。如：
Who can it be？Can it be Jenny?
那能是谁呢？是玛丽吗？
3）情态动词表推测的三种时态
(1)对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
She must arrive before 5.5：00前她一定到。
(2)对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”，“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
He must/may be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能正在听收音机。
&4）“情态动词＋have done”表推测的用法
&（1）“情态动词＋have done”表推测的真题
【典例14】 —Happy birthday!
—Thank you！It's the best present I
________(wish)for.(2012&江苏)
&&&解析　句意：——生日快乐！——谢谢！这是我原来希望能够得到的最好的礼物。
&&&答案　could
have wished
【典例15】 We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be
with us for dinner.(2012&江西)
&&&解析　考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，那我们就没有必要买这么多食物。根据“now
that Suzie won't be with us for dinner”可知答案，needn't have
done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了”。
&&&答案　needn't
【典例16】 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he
________(express)it differently.
&&&解析　掌握情态动词的完成结构的用法是解此题的关键。could
have expressed本来能够表达。
&&&答案　could
have expressed
14．We ________(face)the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell
&&&解析　考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，但是你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的一种虚拟，所以用“情态动词＋have
done”形式。could have done表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做，符合句意。
&&&答案　could
have faced
15．Jack described his father，who ________(be)a brave boy many years
ago，as a strong－willed man.
&&&解析　根据语境可知，此处表示的是对过去事实的推测，所以用must
have done结构。注意句中有一个非限制性定语从句将主句分隔开了。
&&&答案　must
16．—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a
railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone
________(steal)it.
&&&解析　句意：——我把手提包落在火车上了，不过，幸运的是，有人把它交给了乘警。——把包拿回来是多么不可思议啊！我的意思是，有人可能偷了你的包。考查情态动词。might
have stolen可能已经偷了，符合语境。
&&&答案　might
have stolen
（2）“情态动词＋have done”表推测的用法
(1)must have done“一定已经做了”，表肯定推测，否定式为can't/couldn't have done；
(2)can/could have done表示“本来能够做，却没有”，或“过去可能会”；
(3)may/might have done不用于疑问句，表示“也许……；或许已经做了……”；
(4)should/ought to have done意为“本该做了，但未做”，否定式shouldn't/ought not to
have done意为“本不该做，但做了”。它们都暗含对其责备；
(5)needn't have done表示“做了本没有必要做的事”；
(6)would rather have done意为“宁愿当时做过某事”，否定式would rather not have
done意为“宁愿当时没有做过某事”。它们表示后悔之意。
9、虚拟语气（在条件句中的运用）
【典例17】 Sorry，I am too busy now.If I ________(have)time，I
would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012&湖南)
&&&解析　句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果我现在有时间的话，我会和你一起出去郊游。根据句意以及句中的now可知，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，所以从句中谓语动词要用过去式，而主句用“could/would/should/might＋动词原形”。
&&&答案　had
【典例18】 Maybe if I ________(study)science，and not literature then，I
would be able to give you more help.(2011&北京)
&&&解析　考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的是would
be able to...表示对现在情况的假设，但由if从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用had
&&&答案　had
【典例19】 This printer is of good quality.If it ________ break down
within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
&&&解析　第一句话用了一般现在时，第二句话的主句却出现了would，这暗示条件句中使用了虚拟语气。由语境可知这里是对将来的虚拟，条件状语从句中可以用“动词过去式/should＋动词原形/were
to＋动词原形”这三种形式中的某一种。“should”此时，常译为“万一”。
&&&答案　should
17．If he ________(follow)my advice，he wouldn't have lost his
&&&解析　考查虚拟语气。此处表示与过去的事实相反，故从句应用过去完成时。句意：如果他当初听我的劝告的话，他就不会失去工作了。
&&&答案　had
18．________ I be free tomorrow，I would go with you.
&&&解析　与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，should
I be free tomorrow是省略的倒装形式，正常结构是If I should be free
tomorrow。句意：如果明天我有空的话，我将与你一起去。
&&&答案　Should
19．________(understand)the problem，he wouldn't have committed those
&&&解析　表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。had
he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式，正常结构是If he had understood the
problem。句意：如果他理解了这个问题，他就不会犯那些错误。
&&&答案　Had
he understood(或If he had understood)
&虚拟语气（在名词性从句中的运用）
【典例20】 —Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely
—I wish they ________(be)always late.(2011&北京)
&&&解析　句意：——孩子们都到哪里去了？这顿饭就要被他们彻底破坏了。——我希望他们不要总是迟到。wish后跟that从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时。
&&&答案　weren't
【典例21】 Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he
________(do)something instead of just talking.(2012&辽宁)
&&&解析　句意：Jack总爱夸夸其谈，他该做点事了，而不是仅仅空谈。这里是“It's(high/about)time
that...”句型，从句谓语应用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
&&&答案　did
20．It's suggested that some activities ________(hold)to celebrate
the 30th anniversary of the Reform and Opening up.
&&&解析　考查主语从句的虚拟语气。题干中的suggest意为“建议”，所以that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，表达形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。句意：有人建议应当举办一些活动来庆祝改革开放第30周年。
&&&答案　be
21．He gave us advice that this work ________(cancel)．
&&&解析　“工作”与“取消”之间为被动关系。advice的同位语从句用虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们不要取消这项工作。
&&&答案　not
be cancelled
22．I would rather they ________(come)tomorrow.
&&&解析　would
rather后的宾语从句中表示对将来的愿望时，要用过去时。句意：我宁愿他们明天来。
&&&答案　came
10、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
(1)用于宾语从句中
wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：
过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)
过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish)
could/would/might＋动词原形，即过去将来时(宾语从句动作后于wish)
表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。如：He
suggested that we should start off early the next
day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。
(2)用于主语从句中
It is desired / suggested/ necessary /important / strange /
natural＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
(3)用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting
it.我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。
&虚拟语气（在其他句式中的用法）
【典例22】 Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if
she ________(live)there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents
very often.(2012&安徽)
解析　句意：Grace不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，就不能经常见到父母了。根据wouldn't be able to
see...及句意可知，该句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if从句谓语动词需用“were to do或should
do或动词过去式”。
答案　were to live
【典例23】 Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be)made of
steel.(2012&北京)
解析　句意：不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as
if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时。
答案　were
【典例24】 We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we
________(visit)more places of interest yesterday.(2012&福建)
解析　句意：我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然，我们昨天能参观更多的名胜。根据语境可知空格处所表达的意思与过去事实相反，需用“should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词”结构。
答案　would have visited
23．I ________(come)sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting
解析　考查虚拟语气。本题选项中既有表示过去事实的动词，又有表示过去动作的虚拟。句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，要不然我肯定会迅速点儿。根据句意可知，这里是对过去的虚拟，故用“would
have done”的形式。
答案　would have come
黄金口诀虚拟用在名从中，should do结构要记清；
一个坚持两命令，三个建议四要求；
It做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行；
Wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层；
As if/if only/would rather，时态也要退一层；
It's high time that sb did sth.此种形式要记清。
&对应学生用书P27
11、用适当的情态动词或虚拟语气填空1．He
________(become)fatter but he eats too little.
解析　根据语意知道我们可以在but he eats too little前加上一个省去的条件状语从句if he ate
much，由此可知是与现在时相反所以主句用would become。
答案　would become
2．He ________(praise)if he works hard for the people.
解析　句意：如果他为人民努力工作，他会受到表扬。说话人希望他受到表扬，而will表示的是句子的主语的意愿，那样意思就是“他愿意受到表扬”，显然不对。
答案　shall be praised
3．There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party.You ________ come，but
why didn't you?
解析　该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意，应填ought to have。
答案　ought to have
4．I was really anxious about you.You ________(leave)home without a
解析　该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意，所以应填shouldn't have left。
答案　shouldn't have left
5．—Must I go there right now?
—No，you ________．You ________ go there before supper.
解析　Must I．..？肯定回答用Yes，you must.否定回答是No，you needn't或No，you don't
have to，不能用mustn't，因为mustn't表示“不许；不准；禁止”，本题后半部用may表示允许。
答案　needn't；may
6．—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes，of course you ________．
解析　本题中的could也表示请求(而非表示过去时)，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应该用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。
7．—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure.I ________ go to the concert instead.
解析　根据I'm not sure判断，表示说话者不确定，有可能去音乐会。
答案　might
8．Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How ________ it be that he was
late for the opening ceremony.
解析　can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中。
9．My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon，so he
________(attend)your lecture.
解析　can't(couldn't)have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met
him at the Grand表示他不可能参加讲座。
答案　couldn't have attended
10．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he
________(score)a goal.
解析　根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。
答案　would have scored
11．Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I ________(eat)so much
fried chicken just now.
解析　just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词的形式”。
答案　shouldn't have eaten
12．A left－luggage office is a place where bags ________ be left for
a short time，especially at a railway station.
解析　句意：行李寄存处是能够暂时存放行李的地方，尤其是在火车站。此处用can表示可以、能够。
13．Keep up good state of mind even if you ________ fail plenty of
解析　考查should的用法。should用在if或even
if引导的表示条件的从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的意思，从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句不一定用虚拟语气。
答案　should
14．—It's the office！So you ________ know eating is not allowed
—Oh，sorry.
解析　从前后文可知，此处是一种很肯定的推测。
答案　must
15．But for the help of my English teacher，I ________(win)the first
prize in the English Writing Competition.
解析　此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have
done结构，根据句意要用否定含义，本句的条件是由介词短语(but for)表达的。
答案　would not have won
16．There ________ be any difficulty about passing the road test
since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
解析　根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，用should或ought
to，常译成“按理应该……”或“可能会……”。shouldn't是其否定形式。
答案　shouldn't
17．—Is John coming by train.
—He should，but he ________ not.He likes driving his car.
解析　come，go，leave，start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作做出的推断。may
not“可能不，不一定”，根据he likes driving his
car可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。
18．It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I
________(fall)in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox
Library in my hometown.
解析　根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of
seven是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。
答案　had not fallen
19．You can't imagine that a well－behaved gentleman ________ be so
rude to a lady.
解析　should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然……，居然……”，出乎意料。
答案　should
20．What would have happened ________(walk)，as far as up to the
river bank.
解析　因为主句的谓语动词用了would have
happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。
答案　had Bob walked farther(或if Bob had walked farther)
第七集　核心考点非谓语动词
——在高中英语中地位重要&
【考向聚焦】
近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
对应学生用书P28
1、真题再现&&&&&&&
用所给动词的非谓语动词形式填空
1．(2013&北京，21)Volunteering gives you a chance
________(change)lives，including your own.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作chance后置定语。
答案　to change
2．(2013&福建，22)________(know)basic first&aid
techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
解析　考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词。
答案　Knowing
3．(2013&山东，33)________(eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want
to eat there again.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：因为以前曾经在自助餐厅吃过，Tina再也不想在那儿吃了。动词eat与主语Tina之间为主动关系，再根据句中before可知需强调eat这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成形式Having
eaten表主动完成，作原因状语。
答案　Having eaten
4．(2013&湖南，25)The sun began to rise in the sky，________(bath)the
mountain in golden light.
解析　考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行。
答案　bathing
5．(2013&湖南，31)________(stay)warm at night，I would fill the
woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词不定式表目的，句意：晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。
答案　To stay
6．(2013&江苏，31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake
and________(reduce)to ruins，the city took on a new look.
解析　考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系。
答案　being reduced
7．(2013&辽宁，28)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got
home，there was a pile of mail________(wait)for her.
解析　考查非谓语动词。此题there
be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行。
答案　waiting
8．(2013&陕西，13)Let those in need ________(understand)that we will go
all out to help them.
解析　考查非谓语动词。动词let后接动词原形understand做宾补，表示与宾语those in
need之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb do sth。
答案　understand
9．(2013&陕西，14)The witnesses ________(question)by the police just
now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
解析　考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作witnesses的后置定语；且判断动词question与witnesses间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中标志词just
now可知动作question已经完成。故用questioned。
答案　questioned
10．(2013&四川，8)________(know)which university to attend，the girl
asked her teacher for advice.
解析　考查非谓语动词。主语the
girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。此处分词Not
knowing在句中作原因状语。
答案　Not knowing
&对应学生用书P29
2、辨别谓语与非谓语
【典例1】 ________(leave)it with me should be a
good choice.Trust me!
解析　句意：把他留给我应该是一个好选择。相信我。leaving是动名词作主语。
答案　Leaving
【典例2】 Please do me a favor—________(invite)my friend Mr.Smith to
Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.
解析　该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考查。句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。
答案　invite
1．The traffic rule says young children under the age of four
and________(weigh)less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety
解析　under the age of four and ________ less than 40
pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以应填weighing。
答案　weighing
2．________(give)blood if you can and many lives will be
解析　这是祈使句＋and＋陈述句的句型。
答案　Give
谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
非谓语：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。 非谓语动词作宾语
【典例3】 I can't stand ________(work)with Jane in the same office.She
just refuses ________(stop)talking while she works.
解析　stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。
答案　 working；to stop
【典例4】 Isn't it time you got down to ________(mark)the papers?
解析　“got down
to”中的“to”是介词，因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。
答案　marking
3．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars
that road conditions need ________(improve)．
解析　因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“improving”或“to be
improved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语。
答案　to be improved
4．Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried
________(live)alone，but she didn't like it and moved back
解析　try doing sth 意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth
意为“尽力去做某事”。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。
答案　living
3、非谓语作主语、宾语的重点
(1)it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语
①It is important for us to learn English very well.
对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②I think it important for us to learn English very
well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)it作形式主语使用动名词的句型
①It is no use/no good/useless＋doing sth
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
②It is fun(a great pleasure，a waste of time)＋doing sth
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
4、非谓语动词作表语
【典例5】 Tom sounds very much
________(interest)in the job，but I'm not sure whether he can manage
解析　“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。
答案　interested
【典例6】 Please remain ________(seat)；the winner of the prize will be
announced soon.
解析　“seat”是及物动词，“be seated＝sit down”。此处“seated＝sitting”。“remain
seated”保持坐着的状态。句意：请各位在座位上坐着；获奖者很快就会宣布的。
答案　seated
5．It is believed that if a book is ________(interest)，it will
surely _______ (interest)the reader.
解析　考查现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征或性质。
答案　interesting；interest
6．Sara，hurry up.I'm afraid you won't have time to
________(change)before the party.
解析　“get＋过去分词”结构描述主语在该动作完成后所处的状态。用于此结构的过去分词还有closed，dressed，paid，broken，lost，killed等。
答案　get changed
5、非谓语作表语的重点
(1)不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled
people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the
world.这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。
(2)现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如：
This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)
This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的心理状态)
Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day's
climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。(tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态)
6、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
【典例7】 The teacher asked us ________(make)so
much noise.
解析　在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。
答案　not to make
【典例8】 —Excuse me，sir，where is Room 301?
—Just a minute.I'll have Bob ________(show)you to your room.
解析　“have sb do sth”意为命令或安排某人做某事。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去，“have sb
doing sth”表示使某人一直处于某种状态中。
答案　show
7．A cook will be immediately fired if he was found
________(smoke)in kitchen.
解析　“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking”
是主语“he”的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。
答案　smoking
8．To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear
English ______ _(speak)as much as we can.
解析　此处考查“hear＋宾语＋do/doing/done”的结构。因为“English”是“被说”，故用过去分词(spoken)作宾补，表示被动。
答案　spoken
7、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的要点
(1)主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，将来的动作用不定式。
(2)几个特别的结构
▲have＋宾语＋do/doing/done
①“ have ＋ 宾语＋ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth
是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。
②“have ＋宾语＋
doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。
Don't have the dog barking much，Lilin.
李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
③“ have
＋宾语＋done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此时，主语是无意中的受动者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
We had the machine mended just now.
我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
He had his leg injured while playing football.
他在踢足球时腿受了伤。
▲get＋宾语＋to do/doing/done
三种结构的意义请参看上述“have＋宾语＋do/doing/done”的意义解释。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
Can you really get that old clock going again.你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
▲catch sb doing sth逮住某人干某事
If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.
如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。
▲make ＋ oneself ＋ done
oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
8、非谓语动词作后置定语
【典例9】 If there is a lot of work
________(do)，I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
解析　“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“to
do”作后置定语。
答案　to do
【典例10】 If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades
________(come)，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the
解析　考查动词不定式作定语。动词不定式通常用来表示未发生的动作，本句是一个if引导的条件句，是对将来的一种假设，故应用不定式。in
decades to come意为“在将来的几十年”。
答案　to come
9．—The last one ________(arrive)pays the meal.
解析　“the last/next/first...” 后常接不定式作定语。
答案　to arrive
10．Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there
are pictures ________(form)in your mind instead of before your
解析　句意：看书时有画面在大脑中形成，而不是在眼前。而句中有谓语“there are ”，所以应填非谓语动词。
答案　forming
11．—Can those ________(sit)at the back of the classroom hear
—No problem.
解析　“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语。
答案　seated
1）不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the
first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She is always the first(one)to come and the last to leave.
(2)如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
(3)不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时，若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语，则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
例如： Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
(you...say...anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr.Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较：There is nothing to do at present.(＝We have nothing to do at
There is nothing to be done at present.(＝We can do nothing at
2）－ing分词作定语
(1)单个的－ing分词作定语一般前置，说明名词的性质、特征或用途等，－ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个－ing分词也常后置。
例如：a sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)
a sleeping child(＝a child who is sleeping)
(2)－ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。
例如：Do you know the boy talking(＝who is talking)to the
比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
3）－ed分词作定语
－ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作，－ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作，－ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
例如：a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our
4）像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句
例如：The students，wearing their school
uniforms，marched into the playground.
The substance，discovered almost by accident，has greatly changed the
非谓语动词作状语
【典例11】 He hurried to the booking office only ________(tell)that all
the tickets has been sold out.
解析　“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。
答案　to be told
【典例12】 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the
year，________(reach)a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
解析　从句意来分析，主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录”。
答案　reaching
12．The storm left，________(cause)a lot of damage to this
解析　因“The
storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。
答案　having caused
13．________(show)around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see
the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
解析　“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。
答案　Having been shown
14．________(dress)in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than
解析　“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb/oneself(表动作)、be dressed
in(表状态)”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
答案　Dressed
1．现在分词与主句的主语之间是主动关系，用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等；第二，过去分词与主句的主语之间是被动关系；第三，作状语的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前要用分词的完成时。
2．作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，表示处于某种状态，如：crowded，devoted，discouraged，done，dressed，drunk，experienced，frightened，gone，hurt，interested，killed，known，learned，lost，pleased，satisfied，shut，surprised，tired，undressed，worried，astonished，broken，completed，covered等。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
分词短语作状语的附着规则
【典例13】 ________(compare)with the size of the
whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
解析　分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with
B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。
答案　When compared
15．________(taste)good and sweet，this kind of apple was soon sold
out in the market.
解析　taste翻译成“尝起来……”是系动词，无被动语态。
答案　Tasting
16．________(judge)from media reports，the result has been
解析　judging from为悬垂分词。
答案　Judging
1．使用分词(短语)作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词(短语)的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。
2．已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)不需要遵守这条附着规则。
常见的的有：considering...(鉴于/考虑到……)，judging
by/from...(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposing that...(假定……)，providing
that...(假定……)，according to...(依据……)，including...(包括……)，owing
to...(由于……)，talking/speaking of...(谈及……)given...(考虑到……)，provided
that...(如果……)
&&&&&&&&&&&
非谓语动词的特殊结构
（不定式的复合结构和否定结构）
【典例14】 It was foolish ________ you to
give up what you rightly owned.
A．for& B．of&&
C．about& D．from
解析　本句可以改成：You were foolish to give
up...。形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
【典例15】 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule
________．
A．to never break& B．never to be broken
C．never to have broken& D．never to be
解析　动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。
17．The patient was warned ________ oily food after the
operation.
A．to eat not& B．eating not
C．not to eat& D．not eating
解析　动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。
非谓语动词的否定形式均把not加在非谓语动词的最前面。
非谓语动词的特殊结构（动词不定式的省略结构）
【典例16】 —What's the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party，but she
still ________．
A．hopes to& B．hopes so
C．hopes not& D．hopes for
解析　在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式“to”之后的内容省略。
【典例17】 —Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before
—________，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.
A．I'd like to& B．I like it
C．I don't&& D．I will
解析　简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。
18．In my opinion，life in the twenty－first century is much easier
than ________．
A．that used to be& B．it is used to
C．it was used to& D．it used to be
解析　表示 “过去常常……”用“used to do”。本题中“be”为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。
19．When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the
person ________．
A．to send& B．for sending it
C．to send it to& D．for sending it to
解析　该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B
和D；答案A中，没有to就意味是把George这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George，it
指这个报告，因此to不能少。
&非谓语动词的特殊结构
（不定式的几个特别句型）
【典例18】 It is said in Australia there is more land than the
government knows ________．
A．it what to do with& B．what to do it with
C．what to do with it& D．to do what with it
解析　“疑问词＋不定式”作动词“knows”的宾语，而to do with
sth意为“处置、对付”是固定搭配。“it”是“with”的宾语指“the land”。“what to do with
it”当于宾语从句“what the government should do with it”。
【典例19】 I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so
good ________(breathe)．
解析　在“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
答案　to breathe
20．—Is Bob still performing?
—I'm afraid not.He is said ________(leave)the stage already as he
has become an official.
解析　在“sb/sth
is/was＋过去分词＋不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词前面发生，动词不定式要用完成式。
答案　to have left
21．The flu is believed ________(cause)by viruses that like to
reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.
解析　在“sb/sth
is/was＋过去分词＋不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词后面发生，动词不定式要用一般式。
答案　to be caused
&非谓语动词的特殊结构
（动名词的复合结构和否定结构）
【典例20】 ________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of
encouragement.
A．The president will attend
B．The president to attend
C．The president attended
D．The president's attending
解析　此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the
president's”为名词所有格充当动名词“attending”的逻辑主语。
【典例21】 —They are quiet，aren't they?
—Yes.They are accustomed ________(not talk)at meals.
解析　词组“be accused
to(习惯于)”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。
答案　to not talking
22．The news of his________(not elect)greatly made us surprised a
lot as he was indeed very excellent.
解析　现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。
答案　not being elected或not having been elected
23．________(comeplete)the program，they have to stay there for
another two weeks.
答案　Not having completed
&第八集　非谓语动词的特殊结构
——独立主格结构与with复合结构
【典例22】
The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most
recent ________(launch)at the end of last March.
解析　独立主格结构作状语，“the most
recent”与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。
答案　having been launched
【典例23】 The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons
________(finish)for the day.
解析　根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。
答案　finished
24．—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work ________(fill)my mind，I almost break
解析　“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，并且强调此时状态，故用现在分词。
答案　filling
25．John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work
________(finish)，he gladly accepted it.
解析　“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。
答案　finished
独立主格结构和with复合结构
▲逻辑主语＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词
I send you 100 dollars today，the rest
to follow in a year.今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。
Weather permitting，I'll go to the park with my parents on
如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。
All things considered，the planned trip will have to be called
考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。
▲with(without)＋宾语＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly—elected
president is having a hard time.有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！
Without anything to eat，he died of hunger.由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。
The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming
and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。
&Without any more time given，we couldn't finish
the task in three weeks.如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。
With everything well arranged，he left the
office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。
对应学生用书P34
用所给动词的非谓语形式填空1．________(know)as the “first lady of
speech”，Dr，Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world's
leading experts on communication skills.
解析　根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr，Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known
as...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。
答案　Known
2．A few days after the interview，I recevied a letter
________(offer)me admission to the university.
解析　offer与a letter之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，相当于从句：that/which offered。
答案　offering
3．Only ________(take)according to the directions can the medicine
be quite effective.
解析　动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is
taken...结构，故应用taken在句中用作状语。
答案　taken
4．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if
________(see)whether he was going in the right direction.
解析　当as if后面直接跟一个动词时，常使用不定式to do来表示目的，相当于as if he were(was)to do
sth说明动作的未完成性。
答案　to see
5．—Hi，Mary.Would you like to go to the concert this evening?
—Sorry，Tom.________(prepare)tomorrow's lessons，I have no time to go
out with you.
解析　根据句意可知，设空动词为原因状语，表主动，强调动作的完成性，相当于一个原因状语从句：As I haven't prepared
tomorrow's lessons...故用Not having prepared。
答案　Not having prepared
6．—O'Neal works hard.
—So he does.He is often seen ________(sweat)heavily before his
teammates have even arrived at practice.
解析　根据句子结构可知，感觉动词see用于被动结构，只有sweating现在分词与be seen构成复合结构，强调状态。
答案　sweating
7．—How did you get in touch with Mrs.Green?
—Well，it seems to me that you've forgotten ________(tell)me her
telephone number the other day.
解析　根据问话人的句意可知，“已与Mrs.Green取得联系”了。故回答部分说明“已经忘记了告诉电话号码这件事”，应该使用forget
doing sth/having done sth“某事已做，但忘了”，forget to do
sth意为“忘记要去做的事情”，强调动作还未发生。
答案　telling
8．Has the boy who was made use of ________(cheat)realized his
解析　注意分析句子结构，①利用那个小孩舞弊(make use of the boy to
cheat)，②那个小孩意识到错了。看来本空要用不定式作从句的目的状语。
答案　to cheat
9．Since the work is so tiring，I won't accept it even if
________(offer)twice as much the money.
解析　过去分词表示“已经发生的被动动作”。
答案　offered
10．Some of our industrial products may well be said
________(reach)advanced level.
解析　be said to have done表示“据说已经……”，句意：我们的某些工业产品完全可以说达到了先进水平。
答案　to have reached
11．With the plane ________(take off)，some passengers on board feel
sick and want to throw up.
解析　根据语境应为正在进行的动作，所以应选现在分词。
答案　taking off
12．He always dreams of ________(there be)a chance for him to bring
into full play his potential.
解析　dream of “梦到，梦想”，后面接名词或动名词；there being是“there
be”的动名词形式。句意：他总是梦想着会有机会让他充分发挥他的潜力。
答案　there being
13．________(make)bricks，workers press clay into blocks and bake
them to the requisite hardness in a kiln.
解析　句子需要的是目的状语。根据空白后的宾语bricks，不定式短语作状语表行为目的，正合适。句意：为了制砖，工人们把粘土压成块状，然后在砖窑里烧到必要的硬度。
答案　To make
14．New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before
________(accept)．
解析　before为介词，而并非连词，因此后面用动名词，ideas与accept有逻辑上被动关系，因此本空用动名词被动语态。
答案　being accepted
15．________(flood)for several weeks，the city needed food.
city与flood间为被动关系。flood的动作发生在need之前，因此本空用现在分词被动语态的完成式，而不可以是过去分词。
答案　Having been flooded
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