MTK平台闪光灯驱动分析
MTK平台闪光灯驱动分析
以前没写过博客，总想写着来着，把之前学到的做过的东西都记录下来，但是一直没有时间也没那么大的决心。这次趁着刚换工作，正在学习熟悉平台不是太忙的机会，把自己总结的文档写下来，算是给自己一个全新的开始吧。
这次我分析的事闪光灯控制器的驱动代码，使用的芯片是TI的LM3644双闪光灯控制芯片，由于是第一次写，就只分析这个驱动好了，该驱动的相关技术知识在接下来的博客中一一分析，不过现在先记录一下，免得之后忘了。
写过这篇博客之后，要对接下来的知识进行分析。
1. Linux文件系统挂载流程
2. devtmpfs的挂载流程及运行原理
3. platform总线初始化及原理
4. I2C总线初始化及原理分析
在第3，4目标中要掺杂Linux设备模型及sysfs文件系统框架的介绍。好了，给自己定好目标了，接下来开始今天的正片吧。
一、芯片工作原理
该芯片通过一个I2C接口与AP通信。可为闪光灯模式的LED提供93mA到1.5A的电流，可为手电筒模式的LED提供48.4mA到375mA的电流。我们可以通过I2C设置该芯片内部的寄存器，继而控制哪个闪光灯开启/关闭、进入闪光灯/手电筒模式、闪光灯模式时的电流大小、手电筒模式的电流大小、闪光灯开启/结束时间等。该芯片的I2C地址是0x63,挂在AP的I2C Bus 2。I2C地址是芯片手册上可以看到的，挂在I2C的哪条总线上这个你要和你的HW工程师沟通或者自己看原理图。
二、硬件连接图
由于信息安全问题，我不能把公司项目的硬件原理图贴出来，但是可以贴出datasheet上的参考电路，大致是一样的。
我们只使用上图的SDA，SCL引脚用于I2C通信。
三、代码分析
3.1、驱动初始化
在驱动文件中如下所示的代码是该内核模块的入口和出口。
module_init(flashlight_init);
module_exit(flashlight_exit);
很明显其初始化函数是flashlight_init（）函数。接下来我们开看该函数是怎么实现的。
static int __init flashlight_init(void)
int ret = 0;
logI("[flashlight_probe] start ~");
ret = platform_device_register (&flashlight_platform_device);
if (ret) {
logE("[flashlight_probe] platform_device_register fail ~");
ret = platform_driver_register(&flashlight_platform_driver);
logE("[flashlight_probe] platform_driver_register fail ~");
register_low_battery_notify(&Lbat_protection_powerlimit_flash, LOW_BATTERY_PRIO_FLASHLIGHT);
register_battery_percent_notify(&bat_per_protection_powerlimit_flashlight, BATTERY_PERCENT_PRIO_FLASHLIGHT);
logI("[flashlight_probe] done! ~");
在此函数中有两个重要的函数，platform_device_register( ),platform_driver_register( )。他们分别是platform设备，和platform设备驱动注册。这遵循linux设备模型原理，分别把device,和driver注册进platform bus中。同时由于platform bus中的match函数platform_match实现如下：
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
/* Attempt an OF style match first */
if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
/* Then try ACPI style match */
if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
/* Then try to match against the id table */
if (pdrv-&id_table)
return platform_match_id(pdrv-&id_table, pdev) != NULL;
/* fall-back to driver name match */
return (strcmp(pdev-&name, drv-&name) == 0);
最终会通过strcmp(pdev-&name,drv-&name)来匹配device和driver。及匹配其name字段。
static struct platform_driver flashlight_platform_driver =
= flashlight_probe,
= flashlight_remove,
= flashlight_shutdown,
.name = FLASHLIGHT_DEVNAME,
= THIS_MODULE,
static struct platform_device flashlight_platform_device = {
.name = FLASHLIGHT_DEVNAME,
可以看出flashlight_platform_driver和flashlight_platform_device的name都是FLASHLIGHT_DEVNAME宏，即kd_camera_flashlight。所以会调用到该驱动的probe函数，即flashlight_probe函数。
3.2、注册真正的驱动
在probe函数中，主要的工作是注册了一个字符驱动。
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&flashlight_devno, 0, 1, FLASHLIGHT_DEVNAME);
if (ret) {
logE("[flashlight_probe] alloc_chrdev_region fail: %d ~", ret);
goto flashlight_probe_
logI("[flashlight_probe] major: %d, minor: %d ~", MAJOR(flashlight_devno), MINOR(flashlight_devno));
cdev_init(&flashlight_cdev, &flashlight_fops);
flashlight_cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&flashlight_cdev, flashlight_devno, 1);
if (err) {
logE("[flashlight_probe] cdev_add fail: %d ~", err);
goto flashlight_probe_
通过alloc_chrdev_region来获得字符驱动设备号，通过cdev_init初始化flashlight_cdev结构体，通过cdev_add来注册一个字符驱动。同时调用class_create,device_create在sysfs中创建class和device，来自动创建设备节点。
flashlight_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "flashlightdrv");
if (IS_ERR(flashlight_class)) {
logE("[flashlight_probe] Unable to create class, err = %d ~", (int)PTR_ERR(flashlight_class));
goto flashlight_probe_
flashlight_device = device_create(flashlight_class, NULL, flashlight_devno, NULL, FLASHLIGHT_DEVNAME);
if(NULL == flashlight_device){
logE("[flashlight_probe] device_create fail ~");
goto flashlight_probe_
在这个地方有一个需要注意的地方，在2.6的时候内核舍弃了devfs文件系统，转而使用udev来创建设备节点。udev可以通过内核中的kobject_uevent函数在用户空间接受内核空间发送的uevent事件。kobject_uevent函数是通过netlink来实现的。但是在现在的内核中又使用了devtmpfs使内核自己创建设备节点。即在device_create函数中调用device_add函数，device_add中调用devtmpfs_create_node(dev);来在devtmpfs上创建设备节点。具体为什么使用devtmpfs，我也没有找到比较官方的说法，比较为我接受的说法是，内核为了更快速的启动，所以在用户文件系统没有完全加载的情况下，先使用devtmpfs来创建设备文件，而不是等待用户空间的udev启动后再创建设备节点。关于devtmpfs文件系统的分析我们放在之后的文章中分析，敬请期待。
3.3、控制函数- -ioctl函数分析
字符驱动注册成功，同时设备文件创建成功后，就可以操作/dev/kd_camera_flashlight来控制闪光灯了。最主要的函数即是ioctl函数了，即my_ioctl_compat。
static struct file_operations flashlight_fops = {
= THIS_MODULE,
.unlocked_ioctl
= flashlight_ioctl,
= flashlight_open,
= flashlight_release,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
.compat_ioctl = my_ioctl_compat,
对于使用了compat_sys_ioctl的linux系统中，ioct的调用顺序是先compat_ioctl,如果没有就调用unlocked_ioctl，再没有就调用vfs_ioctl。
在my_ioctl_compat函数中主要是调用了flashlight_ioctl_core函数。该函数主要接受如下几个命令FLASHLIGHTIOC_X_SET_DRIVER、FLASH_IOC_SET_TIME_OUT_TIME_MS、FLASH_IOC_SET_ONOFF、FLASH_IOC_SET_DUTY等。即来设置使用的驱动代码，设置开和关，设置延时时间，设置闪光等级。
3.4、设置真正的驱动控制程序
在flashlight_ioctl_core函数中，通过setFlashDrv来设置驱动控制代码。即填充g_pFlashInitFunc结构体，其保存了具体闪光灯芯片的控制代码函数。FLASH_IOC_SET_ONOFF、FLASH_IOC_SET_TIME_OUT_TIME_MS、FLASH_IOC_SET_DUTY三个命令也是最终使用g_pFlashInitFunc结构体内的ioctl函数来执行的。
现在我们来分析一下具体操作闪光灯控制芯片的代码。
首先先注册了一个I2C设备，如下面代码所示通过i2c_register_board_info来注册一个i2c devices,使用i2c_add_driver注册一个i2c driver。同时由于driver的id_table中name字段和i2c device中的type字段相同，匹配成功后调用probe函数。probe函数只做了一件事，即把i2c_client结构体保存到全局变量中，为之后的i2c reg read/write使用。关于I2C总线的具体分析，我们也放在之后的文章中好好分析。
static struct i2c_board_info __initdata i2c_LM3644={I2C_BOARD_INFO(LM3644_NAME, STROBE_DEVICE_ID&&1)};
static int __init LM3644_init(void)
printk("LM3644_init\n");
i2c_register_board_info(2, &i2c_LM3644, 1);
return i2c_add_driver(&LM3644_i2c_driver);
static void __exit LM3644_exit(void)
i2c_del_driver(&LM3644_i2c_driver);
module_init(LM3644_init);
module_exit(LM3644_exit);
之后对闪光灯的控制，即闪光等级，开关等都是通过i2c读写来操作的
static int readReg(u8 reg)
int val=0;
mutex_lock(&g_strobeLock);
i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(LM3644_i2c_client, reg);
mutex_unlock(&g_strobeLock);
static int writeReg(u8 reg, u8 data)
int ret=0;
mutex_lock(&g_strobeLock);
i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(LM3644_i2c_client, reg, data);
mutex_unlock(&g_strobeLock);
if (ret & 0)
PK_ERR("failed writting at 0x%02x\n", reg);
最后再贴出来一个真正操作芯片开关闪光灯的代码
int flashEnable_LM3644_2(void)
int enable_value = 0;
PK_DBG(" flashDisable_LM3644_2 S line=%d\n",__LINE__);
enable_value = readReg(0x01);
PK_DBG(" LED1&2_enable_value S =0x%x\n",enable_value);
if((LED1CloseFlag == 1) && (LED2CloseFlag == 1))
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0));
else if(LED1CloseFlag == 1)
if(isMovieMode[m_duty2] == 1)
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x09);
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0d);
else if(LED2CloseFlag == 1)
if(isMovieMode[m_duty1] == 1)
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0a);
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0e);
if((isMovieMode[m_duty1] == 1) && (isMovieMode[m_duty2] == 1))
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0B);
err = writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0F);
enable_value = readReg(0x01);
对应的芯片0x01寄存器的定义如下图
所以可以看出上面代码中的 writeReg(0x01, (enable_value & 0xF0) | 0x0F);类似的代码就是真正控制闪光灯开关的代码。
第一次下博客，感觉比较简陋，而且也没什么技术含量，但是是自己的一个总结，希望自己能继续坚持下去，加油。
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in Queensland:
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.b; Electronic Resource : Publ. may restrict Doc. Del.
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None of your libraries hold this item.
None of your libraries hold this item.
in Victoria:
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Held. Not for ILL.
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Not for ILL
Journal, magazine, other
This single
in Western Australia:
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