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This article is about the brand of electronic devices.
For its parent company, see .
For the fruit, see .
For other uses, see .
The term BlackBerry refers to a line of
and services designed and marketed by , formerly known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM). The very first RIM device was called the
900, this was a clam shell type device that allowed two way paging and was announced on September 18th, 1996. After the success of the 900 the
800 was created for IBM who bought 10 Million dollars of them on February 4th, 1998. The next device to be released was the Inter@ctive Pager 950 on August 26th, 1998. The very first device to carry the BlackBerry name was the BlackBerry 850, an email pager, released in January 19th 1999. Although identical looking to the 950, the 850 was the first device to integrate email and the name
was no longer used to brand the device.
The most recent BlackBerry devices are the , , . T most had featured a physical
keyboard, while newer generations have relied on a
screen and .
BlackBerry devices can , ,
and also provide functions such as web-browsing, email messaging, instant messaging, and the multi-platform
It was one of the major smartphone vendors until 2012. The consumer BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries worldwide on over 500 mobile service operators using various mobile technologies. As of September 2013, there were eighty-five million BlackBerry subscribers worldwide.
- Founder and former co-CEO of BlackBerry
The first BlackBerry device, the 850, was introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager in Munich, Germany. The name BlackBerry was coined by the marketing company . The name was chosen due to the resemblance of the keyboard's buttons to that of the drupelets that compose the blackberry fruit.
The original BlackBerry devices, the RIM 850 and 857, used the
network. In 2003, the more commonly known
smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push email, mobile telephone, text messaging, ,
and other wireless information services.
BlackBerry gained marketshare in the mobile industry by concentrating on email. BlackBerry began to offer email service on non-BlackBerry devices, such as the , through the proprietary BlackBerry Connect software.
The original BlackBerry device had a
display while newer models installed color displays. All newer models have been optimized for "", the use of only the
to type on a keyboard. The Storm 1 and Storm 2 include a
keypad for typing. Originally, system navigation was achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of device models prior to the 8700. The trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the Pearl series which allowed 4-way scrolling. The trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad with the introduction of the Curve 8500 series. Models made to use
networks such as
also incorporate a
(PTT) feature, similar to a .
On January 30, 2013, BlackBerry announced the release of the Z10 and Q10 smartphones. Both models consist of touch screens: the Z10 features an all-touch design and the Q10 combines a QWERTY keyboard with touchscreen features.
During the second financial quarter of 2013, BlackBerry sold 6.8 million handsets but was lapsed by the sales of competitor Nokia's
model for the first time.
On August 12, 2013, BlackBerry announced the intention to sell the company due to their increasingly unfavourable financial position and competition in the mobile industry. Largely due to lower than expected sales on the , BlackBerry announced on September 20, 2013 that 4,500 full- and part-time positions (an estimated 40% of its operating staff) have been
and its product line has been reduced from six to four models. On September 23, 2013, , which owns a 10%
in BlackBerry, made an offer to
BlackBerry for $4.7 billion (at $9.00 per share). Following the announcement, BlackBerry announced an acceptance of the offer provisionally but it would continue to seek other offers until November 4, 2013.
On November 4, 2013, BlackBerry replaced Thorsten Heins with new interim CEO , the former CEO of . On November 8, the BlackBerry board rejected proposals from several technology companies for various BlackBerry assets on grounds that a break-up did not serve the interest of all stakeholders, which include employees, customers and suppliers in addition to shareholders, said the sources, who did not want to be identified as the discussions were confidential. On November 13, 2013, Chen released an open message: "We are committed to reclaiming our success."
In early July 2014, the TechCrunch online publication published an article titled "BlackBerry Is One Of The Hottest Stocks Of 2014, Seriously", following a 50 percent rise in the company's stock—an increase that was greater than peer companies such as Apple and G however, an analysis of BlackBerry's financial results showed that neither revenue or profit margin were improved, but, instead, costs were markedly reduced. During the same period, BlackBerry also introduced the new "Passport" handset—consisting of a 4.5 inches (11 cm) square screen with "Full HD-class" (1,440 x 1,440) resolution and marketed to professional fields such as healthcare and architecture—promoted its Messenger app and released minor updates for the BB10 mobile operating system.
On December 17, 2014, the BlackBerry Classic was introduced, with a keyboard which many consumers preferred over the touch screen.
based handhelds such as the
have a Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Plus 1.5 GHz Dual-Core CPU and an Adreno 225 1.5-1.7 GHz GPU. -based BlackBerry handhelds incorporate an
7, 9 or 11 processor. Some of the BlackBerry models (Torch , Torch 9810, and Bold ) have a 1.2 GHz , 768 MB system memory, and 8 GB of on-board storage. Entry-level models, such as the Curve 9360, feature a Marvell PXA940 clocked at 800 MHz.
Some previous BlackBerry devices, such as the Bold 9000, were equipped with Intel XScale 624 MHz processors. The Bold 9700 featured a newer version of the Bold 9000's processor but is clocked at the same speed. The
featured a 512 MHz processor, while BlackBerry 8000 series smartphones, such as the 8700 and the Pearl, are based on the 312 MHz
ARMv5TE PXA900. An exception to this is the BlackBerry 8707 which is based on the 80 MHz Qualcomm 3250 this was due to the PXA900 chipset not supporting 3G networks. The 80 MHz processor in the BlackBerry 8707 meant the device was often slower to download and render web pages over 3G than the 8700 was over
networks. Early BlackBerry devices, such as the , used -based processors.
BlackBerry's latest Flagship phone the
based on a 5" Super AMOLED,
resolution, at 295 ppi 24-bit color depth and powered by Quad-Graphics and Qualcomm's Dual Core 1.7 GHz MSM8960T Pro.
A new , , was released for two new BlackBerry models (Z10 and Q10) on January 30, 2013. At BlackBerry World 2012, RIM CEO Thorsten Heins demonstrated some of the new features of the OS, including a camera which is able to rewind frame-by-frame to allow selection of the best shot, an intelligent, , and adapting keyboard, and a user interface designed around the idea of "flow". Apps are available for
through the
storefront.
Further information:
The previous
developed for older BlackBerry devices was
which is a proprietary multitasking environment developed by RIM. The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. The OS provides support for Java
1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronisation with
email and calendar, as well as with
email. OS 5.0 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and allows complete wireless activation and synchronisation with Exchange email, calendar, tasks, notes and contacts, and adds support for
and . The BlackBerry Curve 9360, BlackBerry Torch 9810, Bold , Curve
feature the most recent BlackBerry OS 7 (launched in 2011).
are available for these devices through BlackBerry World (which before 2013 was called BlackBerry App World).
Further information:
Third-party developers can write software using these APIs, and proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well. Any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be
so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto BlackBerry devices through BlackBerry World, Over The Air (OTA) through the BlackBerry mobile browser, or through BlackBerry Desktop Manager.
BlackBerry devices use the proprietary , also known as BBM, software for sending and receiving encrypted instant messages, voice notes, images and videos via . As long as your cell phone has a data plan these messages are all free of charge. Some of the features of BBM include groups, bar-code scanning, lists, shared calendars, BBM Music and integration with apps and games using the BBM social platform.
In April 2013, BlackBerry announced that it was in the process of shutting down its streaming music service BBM Music, which was active for almost two years since its launch. BlackBerry Messenger Music closed on June 2, 2013.
In July 2014, Blackberry revealed Blackberry Assistant, a new feature for BlackBerry OS 10.3, and BlackBerry Passport hardware. The feature is a digital personal assistant to help keep you "organized, informed and productive."
In December 2014, BlackBerry and NantHealth, a healthcare-focused data provider, launched a secure cancer
browser, giving doctors the ability to access patients' genetic data on the BlackBerry Passport smartphone.
BlackBerry smartphones can be integrated into an organisation's email system through a software package called
(BES). Versions of BES are available for , ,
and . While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's email services without having to install BES themselves, organisations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. Every BlackBerry has a unique ID called a BlackBerry PIN, which is used to identify the device to the BES. BlackBerry now provides a free BES software called BES Express (BESX).
The primary BES feature is to relay email from a corporate mailbox to a Blackberry handheld device. The BES monitors the user's mailbox, relaying new messages to the handheld via RIM's
(NOC) and user's wireless provider. This feature is known as , because all new emails, contacts, task entries, memopad entries, and calendar entries are pushed out to the BlackBerry device immediately (as opposed to the user synchronising the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals).
BlackBerry also supports polling email, through third party applications. The messaging system built into the BlackBerry only understands how to receive messages from a BES or the BIS, these services handle the connections to the user's mail providers. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data off-line in areas without wireless service. When the user reconnects to wireless service, the BES sends the latest data.
A feature of the newer models of the BlackBerry is their ability to quickly track the user's current location through
without the use of GPS, thus saving battery life and time. Trilateration can be used as a quick, less battery intensive way to provide location-aware applications with the co-ordinates of the user. However, the accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance.
BES also provides handhelds with
connectivity accessed through a component called MDS (Mobile Data System) Connection Service. This allows custom application development using data streams on BlackBerry devices based on the
In addition, BES provides network security, in the form of
or, more recently,
encryption of all data (both email and MDS traffic) that travels between the BlackBerry handheld and a BlackBerry Enterprise Server.
Most providers offer flat monthly pricing via special Blackberry tariffs for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving email, organizations can make
or custom internal applications with unmetered .
With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Starting with OS 3.8 or 4.0, BlackBerry handhelds can access the Internet (i.e.
access) without an MDS – formerly only email and
access was possible without a BES/MDS. The BES/MDS is still required for secure email, data access, and applications that require WAP from carriers that do not allow WAP access.
The primary alternative to using BlackBerry Enterprise Server is to use the BlackBerry Internet Service (BIS). BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries internationally. BlackBerry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. The service allows users to access , , and
(not via ) email accounts without connecting through a
(BES). BlackBerry Internet Service allows up to 10 email accounts to be accessed, including proprietary as well as public email accounts (such as Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo and AOL). BlackBerry Internet Service also supports the push capabilities of various other BlackBerry Applications. Various applications developed by RIM for BlackBerry utilise the push capabilities of BIS, such as the Instant Messaging clients (like Google Talk, Windows Live Messenger and Yahoo Messenger). The MMS, PIN, interactive gaming, mapping and trading applications[] require data plans like BIS (not just Wi-Fi) for use. The service is usually provisioned through a mobile phone service provider, though
actually runs the service.
10:00 UTC there was an outage in , affecting millions of users. There was another outage just the next day. By October 12, 2011, the Blackberry Internet Service went down in North America. Research In Motion has been attributing data overload due to switch failures in their two data centres in
in Canada and
in England as the cause of the service disruptions.
Several non-BlackBerry mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry email client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Many of these phones have full QWERTY keyboards.
MPx220, some models
phones, except models ,
Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes full-featured , which can be used to support
clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.
In March 2011, RIM announced an optional
player that could play applications developed for the android system would be available for the , RIM's first entry in the tablet market.
On August 24, 2011
reported unofficial rumors that BlackBerry devices would be able to run Android applications when RIM brings QNX and the Android App Player to BlackBerry. On October 20, 2011 RIM officially announced that Android applications could run, unmodified, on the BlackBerry tablet and the newest BlackBerry phones, using the newest version of its operating system.
Original BlackBerry
Main article:
BlackBerry 10 devices: Latest Models
Blackberry Classic (2014)
BlackBerry 7 devices:
BlackBerry Bold series (2011):
BlackBerry )
BlackBerry Porsche Design (2012):
BlackBerry Torch series (2011):
BlackBerry Torch series (2011):
BlackBerry Curve series (2011): BlackBerry ///
BlackBerry Curve
BlackBerry 6 devices:
BlackBerry Torch series (2010):
BlackBerry Curve series (2010):
BlackBerry Pearl series (2010): BlackBerry Pearl 3G
BlackBerry Bold series ():
BlackBerry 5 devices:
BlackBerry Bold series ():
BlackBerry Tour series (2009):
BlackBerry Storm series (2009):
BlackBerry Storm series (2008):
BlackBerry Curve series ():
BlackBerry Curve series (2009):
Blackberry 4 devices:
BlackBerry 8800 series (2007): BlackBerry 30
BlackBerry Pearl series (2006):
BlackBerry Pearl Flip series (2008):
BlackBerry Curve series (2007):
Earlier devices
First Sure Type phone series: 7100
First color series: , 7700
Monochrome Java-based series:
Early pager models: 850, 857, , 957
Many BlackBerry retail stores operate outside , such as in , , , and . In December 2007 a BlackBerry Store opened in . The store offers BlackBerry device models from , , , and , the major U.S. carriers which offer . There were three prior attempts at opening BlackBerry stores in
(UK), but they eventually folded. There are also BlackBerry Stores operated by Wireless Giant at airports in , , , , , , and , but several have been slated for closing.
BlackBerry PIN is an eight character
identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be changed manually on the device (though BlackBerry technicians are able to reset or update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific BlackBerry. BlackBerry devices can message each other using the PIN directly or by using the
application. BlackBerry PINs are tracked by
and are used to direct messages to a BlackBerry device. Emails and any other messages, such as those from the BlackBerry Push Service, are typically directed to a BlackBerry device's PIN. The message can then be routed by a RIM , and sent to a carrier, which will deliver the message the last mile to the device. In September 2012 RIM announced that the BlackBerry PIN would be replaced by users' BlackBerry ID starting in 2013 with the launch of the BlackBerry 10 platform.[]
sent notice of its wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. NTP brought a patent-infringement lawsuit against one of the companies, Research In Motion, in the . This court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines, sometimes referred to as the "", and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases.
The jury eventually found that the NTP furthermore, the jury established that RIM had infringed the patents in a "willful" manner, and the infringement had cost NTP US$33 million in damages (the greater of a reasonable royalty or lost profits). The judge, , increased the damages to US$53 million as a punitive measure due to the willful nature of the infringement. He also instructed RIM to pay NTP's legal fees of US$4.5 million and issued an injunction ordering RIM to cease and desist infringing the patents—this decision would have resulted in the closure of BlackBerry's systems in the US. RIM appealed all of the findings of the court. The injunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals.
In March 2005 during the appeals process, RIM and NTP tried to negotiate a settlem the settlement was to be for $450 million. Negotiations broke down due to other issues. On June 10, 2005, the matter returned to the courts. In early November 2005 the
requesting that RIM's service be allowed to continue because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the US Federal Government.
In January 2006 the
refused to hear RIM's appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement, and the matter was returned to a lower court. The prior granted
preventing all RIM sales in the US and use of the BlackBerry device might have been enforced by the presiding district court judge had the two parties been unable to reach a settlement.
On February 9, 2006, the
(DOD) filed a brief stating that an injunction shutting down the BlackBerry service while excluding government users was unworkable. The DOD also stated that the BlackBerry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users.
On February 9, 2006, RIM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the NTP patents, and would implement those if the injunction was enforced.
On March 3, 2006, after a stern warning from Judge Spencer, RIM and NTP announced that they had settled their dispute. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP $612.5 million (USD) in a "full and final settlement of all claims." In a statement, RIM said that "all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief." The settlement amount is believed low by some analysts, because of the absence of any future royalties on the technology in question.
BCESA (BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate, BCESA40 in full) is a BlackBerry Certification for professional users of RIM (Research In Motion) BlackBerry wireless email devices.
The Certification requires the user to pass several exams relating to the BlackBerry Device, all its functions including Desktop software and providing technical support to Customers of BlackBerry Devices.
The BCESA, BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate qualification, is the first of three levels of professional BlackBerry Certification.
BCTA (BlackBerry Certified Technical Associate)
BlackBerry Certified Support Associate T2
More information on certifications is on
The BlackBerry Technical Certifications available are:
BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Server Consultant (BCESC)
BlackBerry Certified Server Support Technician (BCSST)
BlackBerry Certified Support Technician (BCSTR)
It was revealed as a part of the
that the American and British intelligence agencies, the
(NSA) and the
(GCHQ) respectively, have access to the user data on BlackBerry devices. The agencies are able to read almost all smartphone information, including SMS, location, e-mails, and notes through BlackBerry Internet Service, which operates outside corporate networks, and which, in contrast to the data passing through internal BlackBerry services (BES), only compresses but does not encrypt data.
Documents stated that the NSA was able to access the BlackBerry e-mail system and that they could "see and read SMS traffic." There was a brief period in 2009 when the NSA was unable to access BlackBerry devices, after BlackBerry changed the way they compress their data. Access to the devices was re-established by GCHQ. GCHQ has a tool named SCRAPHEAP CHALLENGE, with the capability of "Perfect spoofing of emails from Blackberry targets".
In response to the revelations BlackBerry officials stated that "It is not for us to comment on media reports regarding alleged government surveillance of telecommunications traffic" and added that a "back door pipeline" to their platform had not been established and did not exist.
It should be noted that similar access by the intelligence agencies to other mobile devices exists, using similar techniques to hack into them.
The BlackBerry software includes support for the
CSPRNG algorithm, which due to being probably
by , NIST "strongly recommends" no longer be used. BlackBerry Ltd. has however not issued an advisory to its customers, because they do not consider the probable backdoor a vulnerability. BlackBerry Ltd. also owns US patent , which covers the technical design of the backdoor.
President Obama with his BlackBerry in its holster on a flight to Caen, Normandy, France, 2009.
The advanced encryption capabilities of the BlackBerry Smartphone make it eligible for use by government agencies and state forces alike.
The President of the United States, , became known for his dependence on a BlackBerry device for communication during his 2008 Presidential campaign. Despite the security issues, he insisted on using it even after inauguration. This was seen by some as akin to a "celebrity endorsement," which marketing experts have estimated to be worth between $25 and $50 million.
An example is the , which has allowed the increase in the presence of police officers along the streets and a reduction in public spending, given that each officer could perform desk work directly via the mobile device, as well as in several other areas and situations. The US Federal Government and Department of Defense were also prominent examples of BlackBerry device users, the latter agency even stating that the BlackBerry smartphone was "essential for national security"[] because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the government. The
that made BlackBerry smartphones and the
tablet unique, have since been implemented in other devices, including most Apple devices released after the iPhone 4.
have issued BlackBerry devices to guards in order to improve the communication between control, guards and passengers.
and many other municipalities within Canada have issued BlackBerry devices to most of its employees including but not limited to transportation, technical, water and operations inspection staff and all management staff in order to improve the communication between contracted construction companies, its winter maintenance operations and to assist and successfully organize multi-million dollar contracts. The devices are the standard mobile device to receive e-mail redirected from GroupWise. The City's e-mail environment is currently set up to support "ONLY" BlackBerry devices.
In India, traffic police in the southern Indian city of
have begun using BlackBerry devices to print
for traffic offenses. They are also used to upload the details of booked cases and to retrieve auto and driver license information.
As part of their
endeavours, the company announced plans of moving into the shipping industry by adapting the smartphones devices to the communication necessities of freight containers.
, Executive Chairman of , is a longtime BlackBerry user. Although smartphones running Google's
compete with BlackBerry, Schmidt said in a 2013 interview that he uses a BlackBerry because he prefers its keyboard.
are known BlackBerry users, they have been shown many times using BlackBerrys on . The Italian criminal group known as the
was reported on February 2009 to have communicated overseas with the , a Mexican drug cartel, through the use of the BlackBerry, since the texts are "normally difficult to intercept".
The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running
and the . BlackBerry has struggled to compete against both and its market share has plunged since 2011, leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent . However, it has managed to maintain significant positions in some markets.
Despite market share loss, on a global basis, the number of active BlackBerry subscribers has increased substantially through the years. For example, for the fiscal period during which the Apple iPhone was first released, RIM reported that they had a subscriber base of 10.5 million BlackBerry subscribers. At the end of 2008, when Android first hit the market, RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million. Finally, in the quarter ended June 28, 2012, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally. After the release of the Apple iPhone 5 in September 2012 RIM CEO Thorsten Heins announced that the current global subscribers is up to 80 million, which sparked a 7% jump in shares.
In 2011, BlackBerry accounted for 43% of new smartphones shipped to Indonesia, the company’s most important emerging-market.
BlackBerry lost market share in Indonesia despite the launch of the Z3 on May 13, 2014. The new device was given a worldwide launch in the city of Jakarta and came on the back of the news that Research in Motion (RIM) was to cut hardware production costs by outsourcing this to Taiwan-based Foxconn Group.
The retail price of 2,199,000 Indonesian Rupiah ($189) failed to give BlackBerry the boost it needed in Indonesia. The company launched the device with a discounted offer to the first 1000 purchasers, which resulted in a stampede in the capital in which several people were injured.
In 2011, BlackBerry shipped 43% of all smartphones to Indonesia. By April 2014 this had fallen to 3%. The decline in the Indonesian market share mirrors a global trend for the company (0.6% of North America).
The global number of active BlackBerry subscribers since 2003:
BlackBerry subscribers globally:
March 1, 2003
February 28, 2004
February 26, 2005
March 4, 2006
March 3, 2007
14,000,000
March 1, 2008
25,000,000
February 28, 2009
41,000,000
February 27, 2010
70,000,000
August 27, 2011
77,000,000
March 3, 2012
80,000,000
December 1, 2012
76,000,000
March 2, 2013
72,000,000
June 1, 2013
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