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中国五大淡水湖沉积物中重金属的污染特征及评价--优秀毕业论文
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长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价_孙毅.pdf6页
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浙江海洋学院学报 自然科学版
Vol．30 No．2
第 期 年 月
Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University Natural Science
文章编号: X 07－06
长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属
分布特征及生态风险评价
孙 毅，母清林，佘运勇，王 剑，王艳华
（浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站，浙江舟山 316000）
年长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中 、
的含量，平均含量为
Cu 27.88 mg/
。空间分布上， 、
Pb 22.98 mg/kg
Zn 95.88 mg/kg Cd 0.178 mg/kg Cr 41.01 mg/kg
Hg 0.031 mg/kg
As 11.40 mg/kg Cu
种重金属含量均在杭州湾北部及长江口南汇交界处呈现最大值，而 在调查海域的东部逐渐向近岸海域递减。
运用主成分分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源，同时采用Hakanson 指数法评价了沉积物重金属生态风险，结果显示：长江
口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属元素的潜在生态风险整体表现为轻微。7 种重金属元素对长江口及邻近海域潜在生态
综合危害的大小贡献顺序为：
正在加载中，请稍后...　您现在的位置：&&>>&&>>&&>>&湘江沉积物重金属元素环境地球化学特征正文
湘江沉积物重金属元素环境地球化学特征
湘江沉积物重金属元素环境地球化学特征
作者/编辑：唐晓燕&&…
在前人研究的基础上,对湘江干流河道表层沉积物及入湖三角洲地区沉积物中的重金属富集特征、赋存状态等进行了;对湘江沉积物中重金属的污染来源进行了,湘江沉积物重金属的富集种类主要受流域富集矿产的控制,重金属污染主要是人为导致的点源污染集中和高排放引起的;另外,运用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数和地累积指数对湘江沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险和污染程度进行了,结果显示Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Cu、Hg等重金属在湘江沉积物中存在不同程度的污染,其中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu污染严重同时潜在生态危害也大,应引起重视.
TANG Xiao-yan
YU Chang-xun
HU Dong-sheng
PANG Xi-lei
YANG Guang
YIN Chun-yan
师范,资源与科学,湖南,,410081&
地理环境研究&
英文刊名：
YUNNAN GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH&
年，卷(期)：
&&环境地球化学
　　〔湘江沉积物重金属元素环境地球化学特征〕随文赠言：【不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。――荀况】
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湘江沉积物重金属元素环境地球化学特征相关论文摘要滩涂是我国重要的土地资源之一,存在着很多农业围垦区和增养殖区。开展滩涂围垦区土壤养分和增养殖区沉积物重金属的空间变异性研究和评价工作,可提高围垦区养分利用效率、促进围垦区精准施肥,并且对加强增养殖区环境保护也具有重要意义。而且,全面、正确和客观地认识江苏滩涂利用现状,是江苏滩涂实施科学和信息化管理的基础,也是实现整个江苏滩涂的可持续利用和开发的前提。本研究选取江苏省大丰市王竹垦区和如东县滩涂增养殖区为研究对象,运用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学相结合的方法,研究了王竹垦区土壤养分和如东滩涂增养殖区沉积物重金属的空间变异规律,同时分别对它们开展了养分综合评价和污染评价研究。主要研究结果如下：1通过对王竹垦区土壤养分空间变异规律的研究发现,研究区域土壤中OM和TP的块金基台比值分别为14.3%和19%,表现出强烈的空间相关性；土壤pH、TN、TK、AK的块金基台比值介于29.8%-49.9%之间,表现出中等的空间相关性。结果生成的土壤各养分的空间分布图可直观的表示出各养分的空间变异特征和丰欠程度。样区土壤OM含量处中低水平,AN含量极低,AK和AP含量较高,因此建议多施氮肥和有机肥,少施或不施钾肥和磷肥。2应用模糊综合评价法和空间内插法对王竹垦区内的土壤养分进行了数值化的综合评价。结果表明,样区土壤养分综合性指标值(INI)为0.6,即土壤养分等级为二级以上的区域仅占总面积的0.1%左右；INI在0.4-0.6之间,即土壤养分等级为三级的区域占总面积的49.3%；INI小于0.4,即土壤养分等级为四级的区域占总面积达50.6%。结果生成了土壤养分等级空间分布图,从图上看,样区东部和西北部的养分等级大多处于中等水平,其余区域养分均处于低等级水平。3通过对江苏如东滩涂增养殖区沉积物重金属进行空间变异规律进行分析得出,铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)具有中等的空间相关性,铅(Pb)则具有较弱的空间相关性；Cu和Cd变程要明显大于Pb和Zn。空间分布上,Cu含量的分布呈从南北向中部逐渐递减的分布规律,Zn含量在中部和南部有高值区域,向其它区域递减,Pb和Cd含量北部较高,中部有高值区域。在重金属空间变异研究的基础上,结合潜在生态危害指数法,对沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb进行了综合定量化污染评价研究。结果生成了沉积物重金属综合生态危害风险指数空间分布图,发现整个调查区域都属轻微生态危害,且靠近排污口的区域生态危害程度较重,与实际情况相符。说明使用GIS和地统计学方法可正确、直观地反映沉积物重金属的污染状况,为其在滩涂增养殖区污染评价中的实际运用提供了思路。
Intertidal zones are important land resources which contain plenty of agricultural reclamation areas and aquafarm areas in our country. The study on spatial variability and assessments of soil nutrients in reclamation areas and sediments heavy metals in aquafarm areas of intertidal areas, could improve the efficiency of nutrient use, promote the precision fertilizer in the reclamation area, and strengthen environmental protection in aquafarm areas. Moreover, comprehensive, accurate and objective understanding of the utilization of Jiangsu intertidal zones is not only the foundation of scientific and information-based management but also the precondition of the sustainable use and development in these areas.This study selected Wangzhu reclamation area of Dafeng and Rudong aquafarm area in Jiangsu province as experimental regions, while geographic information system (GIS) and geostastistical methods are combined to study the spatial variability of soil nutrients in Wangzhu reclamation area and heavy metals of sediment in Rudong aquafarm area, meanwhile, the research of comprehensive evaluation of nutrients and pollution evaluation assessments were carried out. The major results were as follows:1. The study on spatial variability of soil nutrients was carried out in Wangzhu reclamation area. The results showed that:The ratios of nugget and sill of Organic matter (OM) and Total phosphorus (TP) were 14.3% and 19% respectively, demonstrating a strong spatial corr while those of soil pH, Total nitrogen (TN), Total potassium (TK) and Available potassium (AK) ranged from 29.8% and 49.9%, indicating a medium spatial correlation individually. According to the spatial distribution maps of soil nutrients, the characteristics of spatial variability and the levels of various soil nutrients can be intuitively mastered. The content of OM was at moderate and low level, while that of Available nitrogen (AN) was at very low level, however, the contents of AK and Available phosphorus (AP) were high. Therefore we suggested that a bulk of nitrogen (N) and organic fertilizer application was needed, but not for potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer in this sampling area.2. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and spatial interpolation methods were carried out to evaluate the soil nutrients in Wangzhu reclamation area. The result showed that: The region with Integrated nutrients index (INI) 0.6 and level of soil nutrients over two was only 0.1% the region with INI 0.4-0.6 and level three was 49.3%; the rest of the total area was 50.6% with INI below 0.4 and level four. The results generated spatial distribution map of soil nutrients levels, from the figure, we can learn that the nutrients level of the eastern and north-west districts were at middle while the other districts were at low level.3. The study on spatial variability of heavy metals of sediment was carried out in Rudong intertidal aquafarm area. The results showed that: Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) had a medium spatial correlation individually and lead (Pb) had a weak spatial correlation and the ranges of Cu and Cd were greater than those of Pb and Zn. According to the spatial distribution maps, the content of Cu was decreasing gradually from south and north regions to central region, the content of Zn had high values in the southern and central regions, and the contents of Pb and Cd had high values in the northern and central regions. Based on the research of spatial variability of heavy metals, combining with potential ecological risk index method, the comprehensive quantitative pollution assessments on Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb of sediments were carried out. The results generated a spatial distribution map of comprehensive ecological risk index for heavy metals in sediments. It was found that the whole survey area belonged to the light ecological risk and the ecological risk level of the region near the sewage outfall was heavier in the map, which
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