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A survey on the occurrence of ochratoxin A in feeds and sera collected in conventional and organic poultry farms in Northern Italy
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A survey has been conducted on conventional and organic poultry farms located in northern Italy in order to investigate the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feeds and sera in 2006. Ten poultry farms were monitored by taking 20 samples of feed and 94 samples of blood. OTA was assessed through immunoaffinity column purification and HPLC analysis. For in-house validation, recovery experiments, carried out on the spiked samples in the range of 1.0-10.0 μg OTA kg-1 and 0.3-3.0 ng OTA ml-1 for the feed and serum samples, respectively, led to overall recovery averages of 80.6% (RDS=7.3%, n=9) and 83.3% (RDS=3.1%, n=9), respectively. All the feed samples were contaminated by OTA with values ranging from 0.04 to 6.50 μg kg-1. Fiftythree percent of the sera samples were positive, with values ranging from 0.003- 0.165 ng ml-1. None of the feed samples was above the limits set by the European Union on OTA contamination in poultry feeds. No statistically significant differences in OTA contamination of feed or sera were observed either between the organic vs conventional group or between the laying hens vs broiler group.
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Live SupportAsk us anythingTHE KINETICS OF CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY TO SCHISTOSOMULA OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICVM WITH SERA FROM INFECTED MICE AT DIFFERENT DURATION--《Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases》1991年03期
THE KINETICS OF CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY TO SCHISTOSOMULA OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICVM WITH SERA FROM INFECTED MICE AT DIFFERENT DURATION
Tao Yi-Wen Lui Shu-Xian Institute o} Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine
The tests of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)were performed to observe the kinetics of in vitro killing of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula mediated by eosinophils, macrophages or neutrophils with infected mouse sera of different duration. The results showed that when complement was not involved, the killing rates of schistosomula mediated by eosinophils or macrophages began to increase significantly at 4 wk post-infection, reached a plateau in 5-7wk and 6-8wk respectively, and then declined to the levels of that at 4wk till llwk. In case of neutrophils, there was no significant cytotoxicity detected. When complement was involved, all the three effector cells could mediate cytotoxicity to schistosomula, with the killing rates higher than ihose without complement at the correspondent time intervals. These indicate that ADCC appears to be an important ingredient in the acquired resistance to S. japonicum, and demonstrate that eosinophil- and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity to schistosomula is complement-independent, whereas neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity to schistosomula is complement-dependent. This method may be of some value for chosing optimal time for vaccination and estimating the effectiveness of a candidate vaccine.
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