From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gia Marie Carangi (January 29, 1960 – November 18, 1986) was an American
during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Considered by some to be the first , she was featured on the cover of fashion magazines, including multiple editions of
and , and appeared in advertising campaigns for such fashion houses as , , , , and .
After she became addicted to , Carangi's modeling career rapidly declined. She died of -related complications at the age of 26, becoming one of the first famous women to die of the disease. Her life was dramatized in the television film , starring , which debuted on
Carangi was born in , the third and youngest child of Joseph Carangi, a restaurant owner, and Kathleen Carangi (née Adams), a homemaker. She had two older brothers. Her father was , and her mother was of
ancestry. Joseph and Kathleen had an unstable, violent marriage, ultimately leading Kathleen to abandon the family when Carangi was eleven years old. Those who knew her blamed her "fractured childhood" for the instability and drug dependence that plagued her adult life. She was described as "needy and manipulative" by relatives who recalled her as spoiled and shy as a child and a "mommy's girl" who did not receive the motherly attention that she desired.
In her adolescent years, Carangi found the attention she sought from other teenage girls, befriending them by sending flowers. While attending , Carangi bonded with "the Bowie kids," a group of obsessive
fans who emulated Bowie's "defiantly weird, high-glam" style. Carangi was drawn to Bowie for his fashion preferences and his ambiguous
and outspoken . One of Carangi's friends later spoke of her " persona," describing her relaxed openness about her sexuality as reminiscent of the character Cay in the 1985 film . Carangi and her "bi-try Bowie-mad" friends hung out in Philadelphia's
and bars. Though she associated with the lesbian community, she did not want to take up "the accepted lesbian style."
After being featured in Philadelphia newspaper ads, Carangi moved to New York City at the age of 17, where she signed with . Her first major shoot, published in October 1978, was with top fashion photographer , who had her pose nude behind a chain-link fence with makeup artist Sandy Linter. Carangi immediately became infatuated with Linter and pursued her, though the relationship never became stable. By the end of 1978, her first year in New York, Carangi was already a well-established model. Of her quick rise to prominence, described by
as "meteoric," Carangi later said, "I started working with very good people, I mean all the time, very fast. I didn't build into a model, I just sort of became one."
Carangi was a favorite model of various , including Von Wangenheim, , , , , and . Well-integrated within the fashion world, she had the selection of several photographers, most notably Scavullo. Carangi was featured on the cover of many , including the April 1979 issue of , the April 1979 and August 1980 issues of , the August 1980 issue of , the February 1981 issue of , and multiple issues of
between 1979 and 1982. During these years, she also appeared in various advertising campaigns for high-profile fashion houses, including , André Laug, , , and . At the height of her career, Carangi was most known in modeling circles by only her first name. During this time, she also appeared in the
music video for .
A regular at
and the , Carangi usually used
in clubs. After her agent and mentor, , died of lung cancer in March 1980, a devastated Carangi began abusing drugs and developed an addiction to . Carangi's addiction soon bega she had violent temper tantrums, walked out of photo shoots to buy drugs, and fell asleep in front of the camera. Scavullo recalled a fashion shoot with Carangi in the Caribbean when "she was crying, she couldn't find her drugs. I literally had to lay her down on her bed until she fell asleep." During one of her final location shoots for American Vogue, Carangi had red bumps in the crooks of her elbows where she had injected heroin. Despite , some of the photos, as published in the November 1980 issue, reportedly still showed visible needle marks.
In November 1980, Carangi left Wilhelmina Models and signed with , but she was dropped within weeks. By then, her career was in a steep decline. Modeling offers soon ceased and her fashion industry friends, including Sandy Linter, refused to speak to her, fearing their association with her would harm their careers. In an attempt to quit drugs, she moved back to Philadelphia with her mother and stepfather in February 1981. Carangi underwent a 21-day detox program, but her sobriety was short-lived. She was arrested in March 1981 after she drove into a fence in a suburban neighborhood. After a chase with police, she was taken into custody where it was later determined she was under the influence of alcohol and cocaine. After her release, Carangi briefly signed with a new agency, Legends, and worked sporadically, mainly in Europe.
In late 1981, although still struggling with drug abuse, Carangi was determined to make a comeback in the fashion industry and signed with . While some clients refused to work with her, others were willing to hire her because of her past status as a top model. Scavullo photographed her for the April 1982 cover of Cosmopolitan, her last cover appearance for an American magazine. Sean Byrnes, Scavullo's long-time assistant, later said, "What she was doing to herself finally became apparent in her pictures. ... I could see the change in her beauty. There was an emptiness in her eyes."
Carangi then mainly worked with photographer
and found work modeling for department stores and catalogs. She appeared in an advertising campaign for Versace, shot by . He hired her for the fashion house's next campaign, but during the photo shoot, in late 1982, Carangi became uncomfortable and left before any usable shots of her were taken. Around this time, Carangi enrolled in an outpatient
program but soon began using heroin again. By the end of 1982, she had only a few clients that were willing to hire her. Carangi's final photo shoot was for German mail-order clothing company
in T she was sent home during the shoot for using heroin. She left New York for the final time in early 1983.
As she had squandered the majority of her modeling earnings on drugs, Carangi spent the final three years of her life with various lovers, friends, and family members in Philadelphia and . She was admitted to an intense drug treatment program at Eagleville Hospital in December 1984. After treatment, she got a job in a clothing store, which she eventually quit. She later found employment as a checkout clerk and then worked in the cafeteria of a nursing home. By late 1985, she had begun using drugs again.
In December 1985, Carangi was admitted to Warminster General Hospital in , Pennsylvania, with bilateral . A few days later, she was diagnosed with . On October 18, she was admitted to . Carangi died of AIDS-related complications on November 18, 1986, at the age of 26, becoming one of the first famous women to die of the disease. Her funeral was held on November 23 at a small funeral home in Philadelphia. No one from the fashion world attended, mainly because no one knew about her death until months after she had died. However, weeks later, Francesco Scavullo, Carangi's friend and confidant, sent a Mass card when he heard the news.
Carangi is considered to be the first , although that title has been applied to others, including , , and . Model , who rose to prominence the year Carangi died, was referred to as "Baby Gia" due to her resemblance to Carangi. Crawford later recalled, "My agents took me to all the photographers who liked Gia: , , . Everyone loved her look so much that they gladly saw me." Additionally, Carangi, whose sexual orientation has been reported as both
and , is considered a lesbian icon and is said to have "epitomized lesbian chic more than a decade before the term was coined."
Carangi's life has been the subject of several works. A biography of Carangi by
titled Thing of Beauty—taken from the first line of ' famous poem Endymion—was published in 1993. , a biographical television film starring , debuted on
in 1998. Jolie won a
for her performance, among other accolades. A documentary titled , released in 2003, showcased footage of Carangi, contemporary interviews with Carangi's family and former colleagues, including Sandy Linter, and footage of actress-screenwriter , herself a heroin addict, who had been commissioned to write a screenplay based upon Carangi's life at the time of her own death of drug-related causes in 1999.
A biography of Carangi by Sacha Lanvin Baumann titled Born This Way: Friends, Colleagues, and Coworkers Recall Gia Carangi, the Supermodel Who Defined an Era was published in 2015.
contains one panel with Carangi's full name on it that only commemorates her, one panel that refers to her as Gia that only commemorates her, and one panel that refers to her as Gia and commemorates other people as well as her.
Vallely, Paul (). . . Archived from
Carolin, Louise. . . Archived from
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Lo, Malinda (). . . Archived from
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BlondieVEVO (),
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on 21 May 2007.
Fried, Stephen (1994). Thing of Beauty: The Tragedy of Supermodel Gia. Pocket Books. pp. 232, 234.  .
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Pollock, G Bal, Mieke (2008). Conceptual Odysseys: Passages to Cultural Analysis. I.B.Tauris. p. 97.  .
Fried, Stephen (1994). Thing of Beauty. Pocket Books. p. 246.  .
Fried 1994, pp.247, 252–253
Fried 1994, p.256
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Fried 1994, pp.272, 274–275
Fried 1994, p.284
Fried 1994, p.290
Fried 1994, pp.275, 284
Fried 1994, pp.293–294
Fried 1994, p.324
Fried 1994, p.352
Fried 1994, pp.356–357
Fried 1994, pp.360–361
Fried 1994, p.381
Fried 1994, p.387
Fried 1994, pp.389–390
Gross, Michael (2003). . .  .
Magee, Antonia (). . Herald Sun.
Weller, Krysten (). . . Archived from
Gross, Michael (October 30, 1989). . New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 22 (43): 39.  .
Foundas, Scott (August 8, 2002). . Variety 2014.
. FilmFanatics.net 2014.
at Curlie (based on )
: Hidden categories:From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It has been suggested that this article be
with . () Proposed since July 2017.
Literal meaning
Giant (phonetic transcription)
Transcriptions
jié ān tè
ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄢ ㄊㄜˋ
Giant Cadex 980C first mass produced carbon fibre road bicycle
A Giant TCX Cyclocross
Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (commonly known as Giant) is a Taiwanese
manufacturer that is recognized as the world's largest bicycle manufacturer. Giant has manufacturing facilities in , the , and .
Giant was established in 1972 in ,
(now part of ), by
and several friends.[] A major breakthrough came in 1977 when Giant’s chief executive, Tony Lo, negotiated a deal with
to begin manufacturing bikes as an , manufacturing bicycles to be sold exclusively under other brand names as a . As bike sales increased in the U.S., and after workers at the Schwinn plant in Chicago went on strike in 1980, Giant became a key supplier, making more than two-thirds of Schwinn bikes by the mid-1980s, representing 75% of Giant’s sales. When Schwinn decided to find a new source and in 1987 signed a contract with the China Bicycle Company to produce bikes in , Giant, under new president Bill Austin (formerly vice-president marketing at Schwinn), established its own brand of bicycles to compete in the rapidly expanding $200-and-above price range. In 1984, Giant also set up a , "Giant Europe," with Andries Gaastra of Dutch bicycle manufacturer . In 1992, Gaastra sold his shares back, and Giant became a full shareholder of Giant Europe.
By 2014, Giant had sales in over 50 countries, in over 12,000 retail stores. In 2007, its global sales surpassed 5 million bicycles and US$820 million in global revenue, and by 2012 it had reached 6.3 million bicycles and revenue of US$1.8 billion.
In 2008 Giant launched the Liv/Giant sub-brand with products focused exclusively on the female cycling market. In 2014, the Liv/Giant sub-brand was re-branded to Liv. The re-branding was meant to further differentiate the Liv brand products with existing Giant product, communicating the concept of "designed by women for women". All Liv products are designed from the ground up including frame geometry, carbon layup and utilizes separate molds and designs that separate it from Giant branded products. As part of the rebranding, Giant plans to roll out dedicated Liv zones within most Giant retailers.
Giant Halfway folding bicycle
The bike that
used at the
In 1995, Giant designed the first road bicycle with a sloping top tube featuring a smaller rear triangle. The tighter chainstay-seatstay configuration is said[] to be inherently stiffer than a more conventional frame design, and because less material is used, the Compact Road design is also said to be lighter. With more responsive cornering and improved acceleration, as well as improved aerodynamics, the Giant design became largely imitated.
By 1998, with , Giant refined the design for racing by the professional ONCE team . This was only after initial resistance by the
and subsequent amendment to its regulations to allow for bicycles with a sloping top tube.
Giant frames were originally made of
and were also characterised by bladed forks and seatposts to reduce air resistance. Frames came in three sizes (small, medium, and large), with riders fitted through the use of stems and seatposts of different lengths. Another Mike Burrows innovation that was featured on the original TCR (Total Compact Road) bikes included a height-adjustable stem, later removed from road racing bicycles due to flex under heavy loads.
In 2003, the TCR frame was offered in carbon fibre construction and marketed as the TCR Composite range. In 2006, Giant added a higher-grade carbon fibre frame marketed as the TCR Advanced frame, which was characterised by an integrated seatpost (ISP). These frames were most notably raced at the Tour de France by T-Mobile's professional team. Using this design, the seatpost on the new frame must be cut precisely to fit the owner by a trained Giant dealer. In 2010, the TCR frames with ISP continued to be raced internationally, most notably by the Rabobank team.
In terms of other innovations, Giant also introduced its Maestro suspension in 2006. , according to Giant, is designed to deliver an efficient rear suspension power transfer. Maestro utilizes a setup of four pivot points and two linkages to create a floating pivot point that is designed to reduce pedal bob and enables the rear wheel to travel vertically.
Giant currently (2016) categorizes its bicycles first by user (Men, Women, Youth), and then by Level:
X-Road (for Men and Women)
BMX (for Youth)
Within each Level are several Uses, such as Race, Endurance, City, Cruiser, etc.
In late 2016, Giant announced the Road-E+ , which features:
HCT (Hybrid Cycling Technology) drive system
500 watt 80Nm
mid drive motor
400Wh or 500Wh EnergyPack integrated frame battery
PedalPlus 4-sensor technology, and
RideControl display & control pad with
integration.
Propel Advanced SL
Propel Advanced Pro
Propel Advanced
TCR Advanced SL
TCR Advanced Pro
TCR Advanced
Triathlon / TT
Trinity Advanced Pro
Trinity Advanced Pro TT
Trinity Advanced
Defy Advanced SL
Defy Advanced Pro
Defy Advanced
FastRoad CoMax
FastRoad SLR
Expressway
Cyclocross
TCX Advanced Pro
AnyRoad CoMax
ToughRoad SLR
Anthem Advanced 27.5
Anthem Advanced SX 27.5
Anthem 27.5
Anthem SX 27.5
Anthem x Advanced 29er
Anthem x 29er
XTC Advanced SL 27.5
XTC Advanced 27.5
XTC Advanced 29er
Talon Series (1-4) 27.5"
Trail/Enduro
Trance Advanced 27.5
Trance 27.5
Trance SX 27.5
Reign Advanced 27.5
Reign 27.5
Stance 27.5
Glory Advanced 27.5
Glory 27.5
Talon 27.5
Talon 29er
Recreation
Revel 29er
Envie Advanced Pro
Envie Advanced
Envie Advanced Tri
Triathlon / TT
Avow Advanced
Avail Advanced SL
Avail Advanced Pro
Avail Advanced
Avail Disc
Thrive CoMax
Cyclocross
Invite CoMax
Rove Disc lite
Obsess Advanced
Lust Advanced
Trail/Enduro
Intrigue SX
Recreation
TCR espoir 24
Escape Jr. 24
Youth Cruisers
First Bike
Adore 12/16
Animator 12/16
Halfwheeler
l’il Giant Trike
Neighborhood
XTC SL Jr. 24
XTC Jr. Disc 24
XTC Jr. 20/24 lite
Recreation
Enchant 20/24
Enchant 20/24 lite
Giant banners in
Giant's first foray into professional road cycling was with now defunct Spanish Team ONCE[] directed by Manolo Sainz[] using Giant TCR frames in custom sizes for each individual rider, Laurent_Jalabert[] was one of the most notable cyclists in the ONCE Team[]
Giant currently sponsors a number of cycling teams as well as individual athletes. In , they sponsor the
Team Sunweb (both
and ), which competes in the highest level of road cycling. They are most noted for when both men and women teams won the
event at the
in , Norway. Notable riders include , winner of the , winner of the polka-dot jersey in the , and , winner of the green jersey in the 2017 Tour de France.
In , Giant sponsors the Giant Factory Off-Road Team. Cyclists include , 5 time Colombian
national champion, and , 4 time Irish junior downhill champion.
Giant also sponsors individual athletes, including , , and .
Ratcliffe, Alison. . Supply Management. Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply 2017.
. www.ddg.com.tw (in Chinese).
. Bicycle Retailer and Industry News.
. EBR. Electric Bike Review 2017.
. www.giant-bicycles.com.
. www.giant-bicycles.com.
: Hidden categories:From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jack the Giant Slayer (previously titled Jack the Giant Killer) is a 2013 American
based on the British fairy tales "" and "". The film is directed by
with a screenplay written by ,
and Dan Studney and stars , , , , , and . The film tells the story of , a young farmhand who must rescue a princess from a race of
after inadvertently opening a gateway to their land in the sky.
Development of Jack the Giant Slayer began in 2005, when Lemke first pitched the idea.
was hired to direct the film in January 2009, but in September of that year, Caruso was replaced by Singer, who hired McQuarrie and Studney to rework the script. The main characters were cast between February and March 2011, and
began in April 2011 in England with locations in ,
and . Release of the film was moved back in
to allow more time for special effects and marketing.
Jack the Giant Slayer premiered on February 26, 2013 in
and was released theatrically in the United States on March 1, 2013 in 2D and . The film received mixed reviews from critics and is considered a box office failure, losing between $125 million and $140 million for . Jack the Giant Slayer was released on home media on June 18, 2013.
In the Kingdom of Cloister, , a young farm boy, is fascinated by the legend of Erik, an ancient king who defeated an army of invading
from a realm in the sky by controlling them with a magical crown. At the same time, Princess Isabelle becomes fascinated with the same legend.
Ten years later, Jack goes into town to sell his horse to support his uncle's farm. There, Jack spots Isabelle and becomes enamored with her after defending her honor from a group of hooligans. Meanwhile, Lord Roderick returns to his study, only to find that a monk has robbed him. The monk offers Jack some magic beans he stole from Roderick as collateral for Jack's horse. Back at the castle, Isabelle quarrels with her father King Brahmwell as she wants to explore the kingdom, but he wants her to stay and marry Roderick. Likewise, Jack's uncle scolds him for being foolish before throwing the beans on the floor and leaving the house.
Determined to be free, Isabelle sneaks out of the castle and seeks shelter from the rain in Jack's house. As it rains, one of the beans takes root and grows into a massive beanstalk that carries the house and Isabelle into the sky as Jack falls to the ground.
Jack, Roderick, and Roderick's attendant Wicke volunteer to join the king's knights, led by Elmont and his second in-command, Crawe, and climb the beanstalk in search of Isabelle. As they climb, Roderick and Wicke cut the safety rope, intentionally killing some of the knights. At the top, they discover the giants' realm and decide to split into two groups: one with Jack, Elmont, and Crawe, and the other including Roderick and Wicke, but not before Roderick forcibly takes the remaining beans from Jack (although Jack manages to save one for himself).
Jack's group is trapped by a giant, who takes everyone prisoner except Jack. Meanwhile, Roderick's group encount one eats Wicke, but before the other can do the same to Roderick, Roderick dons the magical crown.
Jack follows the giant to their stronghold, where the two-headed giant leader, Fallon, has killed Crawe. Jack finds Isabelle and Elmont imprisoned there. As the giants prepare to kill their remaining prisoners, Roderick walks in and enslaves the giants with the crown. He tells the giants they will attack Cloister at dawn and gives them permission to eat Isabelle and Elmont. Jack rescues Isabelle and Elmont as one of the giants prepares to cook Elmont as a . The trio makes for the beanstalk, where Jack causes the giant guarding the beanstalk to fall off the realm's edge. Seeing the giant's body, Brahmwell orders the beanstalk cut down to avoid an invasion by the giants.
Jack and Isabelle head down the beanstalk, while Elmont stays to confront Roderick. Elmont kills Roderick, but Fallon takes the crown before Elmont can claim it, and Elmont is forced to escape down the beanstalk. Jack, Isabelle, and Elmont all survive the fall after the beanstalk is cut down. As everyone returns home, Jack warns that the giants are using Roderick's beans to create beanstalks to descend down to Earth and attack Cloister.
The giants chase Jack, Isabelle, and Brahmwell into the castle, where Elmont fills the moat with oil and sets it on fire. Fallon falls in the moat and breaks into the castle from below. As the siege continues, Fallon captures Jack and Isabelle, but Jack throws the final bean down Fallon's throat, causing a beanstalk to rip apart his body. Jack takes the crown and sends the giants back to their realm.
Jack and Isabelle marry and tell the story of the giants to their children. As time passes, the magic crown is crafted into
and is secured in the .
as , a young farmhand who leads the quest to rescue the princess.
as Isabelle, the princess who is abducted by giants.
as Lord Roderick, the king's advisor who plans on taking over the kingdom.
as King Brahmwell, the princess's father, who wants his daughter to marry Lord Roderick.
as the voice and motion-capture of General Fallon, the two-headed leader of the giants. Nighy plays the bigger head and Kassir plays the smaller head.
as Elmont, the captain of the king’s guard, who joins the quest to rescue the princess.
Additionally,
plays Crawe, Elmont's second-in-command, and
plays Wicke, Lord Roderick's attendant.
It’s a very traditional fairytale, probably the most traditional thing I’ve ever done. But it’ll also be a fun twist on the notion of how these tales are told... Fairytales are often borne of socio-political commentary and translated into stories for children. But what if they were based on something that really happened?.. What if we look back at the story that inspired the story that you read to your kids? That’s kind of what this movie’s about.
, director of Jack the Giant Slayer, about the film
Screenwriter
first proposed the idea of contemporizing the "" fairy tale with
in 2005 before the release of other contemporary films based on fairy tales such as
(2011) and
(2012). Lemke described the script as "a male-oriented story of a boy becoming a man" and drew a parallel between
of Star Wars. In January 2009,
to direct the script, which was subsequently rewritten by . By August 2009, it was reported that
might be replacing C this became official in September 2009.
In April 2010, Singer re-teamed with screenwriter
to rework the screenplay. Singer and McQuarrie had previously collaborated on , , , and . Singer stated, "Chris McQuarrie did a significant re-write for me. He brought a different structure. It was very much a page- a different storyline. It involved the same characters, but some we juggled around and switched around. He just brought a very different perspective". McQuarrie's re-write included a deeper back story for the giants and explanation of their relationship with the humans, which Singer considered a "vast improvement"; it also upped the budget. To get the budget back in line, Singer brought in television writer Dan Studney to work on the project.
In May 2010,
reported that production of the film would be delayed until February 2011. The report cited Singer's interest in being able to pre-visualize scenes with the digital giants in-camera with the live-action actors (a la 's ) and the need for more time to work out the complex process as reasons for the delay.
In October 2010, New Line gave Bryan Singer the
work on Jack the Giant Killer, with production scheduled to begin the following spring. In November 2010, Singer began
for the male and female leads. , , and
were considered for the role of the young farmhand, and , , and
tested for the princess role.
In December 2010, Singer said, "I’m very much looking forward to using the
for my next movie Jack the Giant Killer which will be shot in, what else, . The camera’s incredibly compact size and extraordinary resolution are ideal for the 3D format. But more importantly Jack the Giant Killer is my first movie set in a time before electricity. The EPIC’s extraordinary exposure latitude will allow me to more effectively explore the use of natural light".
In February 2011,
reported that
had been cast as the antagonist, the king's advisor who plans on taking over the kingdom, and
were cast as Fallon, the two-headed
Nighy would play the big head and Kassir would play the smaller head. Also in February, Nicholas Hoult was offered the lead role. Singer said he had liked him since
and was very supportive of his casting in . Later that month,
joined the cast as the leader of the king’s elite guard, who helps fight giants.
In March 2011,
was cast opposite Nicholas Hoult as the princess and
was cast to play her father, King Brahmwell. Two days later, New Line and Warner Bros. announced a release date of June 15, 2012.
began on April 12, 2011, in the
countryside. In May 2011, production moved to
for two weeks with filming scheduled in ,
and secret locations in the county including scenes filmed at . Also in May, scenes were shot at
near . Puzzlewood, which features unusual tree and rock formations, has previously been used for filming of the
and . The same forest is said to have inspired
to write . Later that month, filming took place at
process Singer stated, "It's fascinating... It takes you back to play-acting as a kid in your living room because you are running around and having to imagine that you are in Gantua and imagine that there are these weapons and all these giant things. But there's nothing when you are there other than styrofoam and blocks. It forces the actors to regress to when they would play-act as kids or do minimalist theatre. But in that way it's fascinating - I can see why
have started to shoot pictures this way".
The giant beanstalk, before and after it was rendered with computer graphics.
In January 2012, Warner Bros. moved back the release date by nine months, from June 15, 2012, to March 22, 2013.
stated: "Warner can likely afford the move because of 's , which opened in July. And moving the film back gives the studio more time for special effects, as well as a chance to attach trailers for it to 's Christmas tentpole ". In October 2012, Warner Bros. again moved the release date, this time to March 1, 2013, three weeks earlier than the previous date. Warner Bros also changed the title of the film from Jack the Giant Killer to Jack the Giant Slayer.
The film's special effects were completed by seven different
houses: , Giant Studios, The Third Floor, MPC, Soho VFX, Rodeo FX and Hatch Productions. Creating the giants took four main steps. The first step was Pre-Capture, in which
was used to capture the actor's facial and body movements and render them in a real-time virtual environment. The second step took place during principal photography, where Simulcam technology was used to help the human characters virtually interact with the giants that were rendered earlier in Pre-Capture. The third step was Post-Capture, a second performance capture shoot to adjust giants' movements to seamlessly fit the live-action performances. The final step involved putting the finishing touches on the giant's animation, skin, hair and clothing, and composition in the shots. Creating the beanstalk involved two main requirements:
for shots of the actors interacting with the beanstalk, which were shot against a , and complete
renderings for shots of the beanstalk growing and extending from Earth into the world of the giants.
Singer stated that he had to tone down the special effects to keep the film age-appropriate for children. He said, "This movie probably has a bigger on-screen body count than any movie I've done before. It's done in a way that's fun, but it was a challenge to get away with that without it becoming upsetting to people... It was about creating a tone like
that allows you to get away with a lot of stuff because it feels like a movie."
The film's soundtrack features music by , who also served as an editor and associate producer on the film. Jack the Giant Slayer marks Ottman's seventh collaboration with director Bryan S they previously worked together on , , , , , and . The soundtrack album was released on February 26, 2013, by .
"Jack and Isabelle (Theme from Jack the Giant Slayer)"
"Logo Mania"
"To Cloister"
"The Climb"
"Fee Appears"
"How Do You Do"
"Why Do People Scream?"
"Story of the Giants"
"Welcome to Gantua"
"Power of the Crown"
"Not Wildly Keen on Heights"
"Top of the World"
"The Legends Are True / First Kiss"
"Roderick’s Demise / The Beanstalk Falls"
"Kitchen Nightmare"
"Onward and Downward!"
"Waking a Sleeping Giant"
"Chase to Cloister"
"Goodbyes"
"The Battle"
"Sniffing Out Fear / All is Lost"
"The New King / Stories"
Total length:
Jack the Giant Slayer premiered on Tuesday, February 26, 2013 at
Pre-release tracking showed that Jack the Giant Slayer was projected to gross $30 million to $35 million in its opening weekend, a disappointing figure considering it cost at least $185 million to produce. The film grossed $400,000 from Thursday night and midnight runs, ahead of its wide release open on Friday, March 1, 2013. Through the weekend, the film grossed $28.01 million in North America at 3,525 locations, taking first place at the box office. The audience was 55% male and 56% were over the age of 25, despite the studio's efforts to target families. At the same time, the film took in an additional $13.7 million in 10 Asian markets at 1,824 locations.
Four weeks into its theatrical run, The Hollywood Reporter reported that the film was on track to lose between $125 million and $140 million for Legendary Pictures, suggesting that the film would likely close at $200 million worldwide, short of its combined production and marketing budget. Jack the Giant Slayer closed in theaters on June 13, 2013, grossing a total of $65,187,603 in North America and $197,687,603 worldwide. In explaining its box office failure, analysts pointed to the conflict between the director's darker, more adult-themed vision with the studio's desire for a family-friendly product, leading to the final compromise of a PG-13 film that did not sufficiently appeal to adults or children.
Jack the Giant Slayer received a mixed response from film critics. On the
the film has a rating of 51%, based on an aggregation of 195 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's enthusiastically acted and reasonably fun, but Jack the Giant Slayer is also overwhelmed by digital effects and a bland, impersonal story." , which uses a , assigned a score of 51 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
said, "Simply in terms of efficient storytelling, clear logistics and consistent viewer engagement, Jack is markedly superior to the recent ."
said, "Jack the Giant Slayer is a rousing, original and thoroughly entertaining adventure."
Conversely, Justin Chang of
said, "Jack the Giant Slayer feels, unsurprisingly, like an attempt to cash in on a trend, recycling storybook characters, situations and battle sequences to mechanical and wearyingly predictable effect."
said, "This finally is just a digitally souped-up, one-dimensional take on 'Jack and the Beanstalk'."
said, "Bryan Singer's take on the old fairy tale has all things money can buy — except a good script."
Phoenix Film Critics Society
The Overlooked Film of the Year
Jack the Giant Slayer
Best Visual Effects
Jack the Giant Slayer
Film Music Award
Best Fantasy Film
Jack the Giant Slayer
In April 2013,
announced the release of Jack the Giant Slayer on ,
and . The discs were released on June 18, 2013 a three-disc 3D/Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, and a two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack. Both sets include the "Become a Giant Slayer" featurette, deleted scenes, a
of the film.
. . February 18, 2013. Archived from
on February 22, .
FilmL.A. (March 1, 2014).
(PDF) 2017.
Flemming, Mike (February 11, 2011). . .
from the original on July 4, .
IGN Staff (May 27, 2011). . .
from the original on July 4, .
McNary, Dave (March 1, 2011). . .
from the original on July 4, .
Kit, Borys (February 9, 2011). . . Archived from
on March 3, .
Kit, Borys (March 21, 2011). . . Archived from
on March 22, .
Kit, Borys (February 24, 2011). . . Archived from
on March 3, .
. . April 13, 2011.
from the original on July 4, .
. . July 4, 2011. Archived from
on March 6, .
Leyland, Matthew (April 11, 2011). . .
from the original on July 4, .
Sperling, Nicole (February 27, 2013). . .
from the original on March 4, .
Wloszczyna, Susan (), "You don't know beans about this daring 'Jack'",
(paper), pp. D1—D2
Fleming, Michael (January 6, 2009). . .
from the original on July 4, .
Kit, Borys (August 20, 2009). . . Archived from
on March 3, .
Rappe, Elizabeth (September 23, 2009). . Cinematical. .
from the original on July 4, .
Susman, Gary (April 22, 2010). . Cinematical. .
from the original on July 4, .
IGN Staff (May 31, 2011). . .
from the original on July 4, .
BrentJS (May 28, 2010). . . Archived from
on July 4, .
Flemming, Mike (October 21, 2010). . .
from the original on July 4, .
Kit, Borys (November 30, 2010). . . Archived from
on March 3, .
Connelly, Brendon (December 25, 2010). . .
from the original on July 4, .
. ComingSoon.net. . March 23, 2011.
from the original on July 4, .
. . May 5, 2011.
from the original on July 4, .
. . May 9, 2011.
from the original on July 4, .
. . May 13, 2011.
from the original on July 4, .
McClintock, P Kit, Borys (January 19, 2012). . .
from the original on January 20, .
The Deadline Team (October 17, 2012). . .
from the original on October 18, .
Failes, Ian (March 8, 2013). . .
from the original on April 15, .
. Film Music Reporter. February 9, 2013.
from the original on March 1, .
. . Archived from
on March 1, .
McClintock, Pamela (February 22, 2013). . .
from the original on February 22, .
Smith, Grady (28 February 2013). .
2013. New Line claims the Bryan Singer-directed picture cost $185 million to produce, though chatter among insiders suggests the budget actually climbed to at least $200 million.
McClintock, Pamela (March 1, 2013). . .
from the original on March 1, .
Subers, Ray (March 3, 2013). . .
from the original on March 4, .
Contrino, Phil (). . . Archived from
McClintock, Pamela (April 3, 2013). . .
from the original on April 4, .
Brodesser-Akner, Claude (March 4, 2013). . .
from the original on July 15, .
McCarthy, Todd (February 26, 2013). . .
from the original on February 28, .
Roeper, Richard (February 27, 2013). . .
from the original on February 28, .
Chang, Justin (February 26, 2013). . .
from the original on February 28, .
Dargis, Manohla (February 28, 2013). . .
from the original on March 1, .
Turan, Kenneth (February 28, 2013). . .
from the original on March 1, .
. Phoenix Film Critics Society. Archived from
on October 6, .
. BMI. May 16, 2013.
from the original on February 28, .
Johns, Nikara (February 25, 2014). . .
from the original on February 28, .
. . April 18, 2013.
from the original on April 22, .
Films directed by
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