这是helpman的 exportsitar versus sitarFDI 论文中的表格,为什么是两行数据?求详细分

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Export versus FDI with__ Heterogeneous Firms
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Export versus FDI with__ Heterogeneous Firms
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经济评论&2011,&169(3)&59-68&DOI:
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中国式分权下地方政府FDI税收竞争的策略性及其经济增长效应
杨晓丽,南开大学经济学院国际经济研究所,邮政编码:300071,电子信箱:;许垒,南开大学商学院,邮政编码:300071。
中国式分权机制下,政治和经济双重激励使地方政府竞相降低税率吸引FDI流入,本文考察了这种税收竞争的策略性及其对FDI经济增长效应的影响。模型表明地区间策略性税收竞争将通过降低外资质量影响FDI经济增长效应。使用年省级面板数据进行实证分析,回归结果表明,经济发展水平相近的地区间外资企业实际所得税率具有显著的空间正相关性;税收优惠对FDI经济增长效应具有明显的阻碍作用;并且税收优惠幅度越大,阻碍作用越强。因此,我国需要加大对地方政府招商引资行为的监督和约束,以使地方政府放弃对FDI的盲目追捧,转而注重FDI质量,提高FDI对国民福利的促进作用。
Intergovernmental Tax Competition on FDI under ChineseDecentralization and Its Influences on FDI&s Economic Promotion Effects
Under the Chinese-style decentralization mechanism, political and economic incentives make local governments compete to cut tax rates to attract FDI inflows, and this paper examines the strategic tax competition between local governments and how it affects the growth effect of FDI. Theoretical Model shows that there would be strategic tax competition between regions which will reduce the quality of foreign investment and thus affect economic growth effects of FDI. Using provincial panel data from , empirical results show that the real tax rate of foreign owned companies is highly and positively related between governments of same econom FDI can significantly promote regional economic growth, but this promotion effects will be hindered by government& more& tax preferences can produce stronger impediment.
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贸易和对外直接投资的对比(export versus fdi working paper)
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官方公共微信Export Versus FDI with Heterogenous Firms(helpman&melitz&yeaple,2004,AER)_txt阅读版_第16页 -文档大全
Export Versus FDI with Heterogenous Firms(helpman&melitz&yeaple,2004,AER)
VOL.94NO.1HELPMANETAL.:EXPORTVERSUSFDI315domesticmarketaswellasforeignmarkets.Theirmodeofoperationinforeignmarketsdiffers,however.Themostproductive??rmsinthisgroupchoosetoinvestinforeignmarketswhilethelessproductive??rmschoosetoexport.Thissortingpatterniscon??rmedbypreviousempiricalworkandbyourownestimates.Ourmodelembodiesstandardelementsoftheproximity-concentrationtrade-offinthethe-oryofhorizontalforeigndirectinvestment.Asaresult,itpredictsthatforeignmarketsareservedmorebyexportsrelativetoFDIsaleswhentradefrictionsareloweroreconomiesofscalearehigher.Tothesefactors,ourmodeladdsaroleforthewithin-sectorheterogeneityofpro-ductivitylevels.Thisheterogeneityinducesasizedistributionof??rms,whichaffectstheratioofexportstoFDIsales.UsingdataonexportsandFDIsalesofU.S.??rmsin38countriesand52industries,weestimatedtheeffectsoftradefrictions,econo-miesofscale,andwithin-industrydispersionof??rmsize,onexportsversusFDIsales.Theresultssupportthetheoreticalpredictions.Inparticular,theyshowarobustcross-sectoralre-lationshipbetweenthedegreeofdispersionin??rmsizeandthetendencyof??rmstosubstituteFDIsalesforexports.Thesizeofthiseffectisofthesameorderofmagnitudeastradefric-tions.Wethereforeconcludethatwehaveiden-ti??edanewelement―namely,within-sectoralheterogeneity―thatplaysanimportantroleinthestructureofforeigntradeandinvestment.
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